α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂体外筛选方法的研究

以对-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为底物,通过高效液相色谱定量分析水解产物对-硝基苯酚,确定α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,建立新的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的体外筛选方法,为了提高筛选方法的灵敏度,对酶促反应条件进行了优化,并用阿卡波糖验证筛选方法的可靠性,结果测得阿卡波糖的IC50为2.07 mg/mL,与文献报道相近,说明该法可替代传统的Trembly法,并可用于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的高通量筛选。     

癞葡萄降糖活性成分的提取及其降糖活性的研究

对癞葡萄中水溶性降糖活性成分的提取进行了研究.以水作为溶剂提取癞葡萄的降糖活性成分,通过10kdal的超滤膜将水提物分为二个组分,并对这两个组分分别进行了降糖活性动物实验.结果表明,大、小分子组分均有一定降糖效果,但相对分子量大于10kdal的组分降糖效果不显著;相对分子量小于10kdal的组分降糖活性显著,起着主要的降糖作用.     

Novel peptides derived from egg white protein inhibiting alpha-glucosidase

The aim of this study was to search and identify potential anti-diabetic peptides with α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. After the Alcalase hydrolysis, egg white protein hydrolysates were purified and identified by LC–MS–MS. Eight identified peptides were further synthesized by the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis. The anti-diabetic activities of these synthetic peptides were assessed using enzymatic inhibitory assays against the α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Among the eight peptides, peptide RVPSLM was discovered as a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value at 23.07 μmol L⁻¹. However, it did not exhibit a visible or detectable inhibitory efficiency on the α-amylase. These studies indicate the potential of using egg white protein hydrolysates as a functional food product with the anti-diabetic activity.     

Intracavernous Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Enhances Erectile Function and Decreases the Mortality Rate in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an agonizing complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and it is challenging to treat ED in DM patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a unique therapeutic strategy comprising intrinsic growth factors. An attempt was made to explore the potentiality of the PRP treatment in DM-induced ED rats in various groups (control, DM-non-ED, DM-ED, and DM-ED treated with PRP). Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce DM in rats. The blood glucose levels of the DM rats were maintained at >300 mg/dl. In the 18-week experiment, survival rate, body weight, intracavernous pressure (ICP) variations, and arterial blood pressure were analyzed. The tissue restoration results were validated by histological, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopic analysis. PRP treatment of DM-ED rats significantly increased all parameters of erectile function compared to pre-treatment of PRP and DM-ED treated with vehicle. The histological results revealed that PRP treatment substantially enhanced the regeneration of myelinated nerves and decreased the atrophy of corporal smooth muscle. Notably, the PRP treatment immensely enhanced the survival rate in post-surgery DM-ED rats. These results indicated certain benefits of PRP treatment in delaying damage and preventing post-surgery complications in DM patients. Hence, PRP treatment is a novel multifactorial strategy for DM-ED patients.     

Effects of polysaccharides and polyphenolics fractions of Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. kitamura) on α‐glucosidase activity and blood glucose level and glucose tolerance of hyperglycaemic mice

The effects of polysaccharides, theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownin fractions of Zijuan tea on α‐glucosidase and blood glucose level and intolerance of hyperglycaemic mice were evaluated. The polysaccharides or theaflavins fraction exhibited greater inhibition rate of α‐glucosidase than acarbose positive control, thearubigins fraction or theabrownin fraction. The four fractions were delivered to the treatment mice through oval gavage each day for 15 days. The mice in polysaccharides and theaflavins high‐ and low‐dose and theabrownin high‐dose treatments significantly lowered their blood glucose levels while all the treatment mice gained body weight. The mice in polysaccharides, theaflavins and theabrownin high‐ and low‐dose treatments had greater glucose tolerance as well. Thus, the theaflavins and polysaccharides fractions of Zijuan tea effectively moderated the complications of hyperglycaemic mice. The lower effectiveness of thearubigins and theabrownin fractions may be caused by the highly polymerised polyphenolics which decreased their accessibility to α‐glucosidase and digestibility in mice.     

Bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties: a review

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder characterised by insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Disease incidence is accumulating at a rapidly increasing rate, resulting in a considerable social, health and economic burden in the modern world. Bioactive peptides show significant potential for use in health management strategies, particularly as components of drugs and functional foods for diabetes treatment. Many antidiabetic bioactive peptides have been isolated and validated. The aim of this review was to update the state of knowledge of the origin, structural characteristics and action. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of bioactive peptides on key enzymes and proteins, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucagon-like peptides and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, that participate in glycaemic level control from the intake of carbohydrates to blood glucose regulation were overviewed. This knowledge should facilitate research and industrial efforts to better understand and evaluate the potential of bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties for blood glucose level management.     

果蔬中的花色苷及其防治2型糖尿病作用机制研究进展

探讨了不同果蔬中花色苷主要成分及其防治2型糖尿病的作用,阐述了花色苷通过减少氧化应激、改善胰岛素抵抗、促进胰岛素分泌和保护β细胞四方面防治2型糖尿病的作用机制,以期为果蔬中多酚类化合物的综合利用提供一定的理论依据。