基于LCZ的湿热地区典型城市局部空间格局特性研究

城市化建设的快速发展使得城市街区尺度区域形成了复杂多样的空间格局,影响了城市局部区域的微气候特性.本文从量化城市地表要素对局地气候影响的视角出发,提出了基于街区边界和区域内空间特性指标计算的局部气候分区(Local Climate Zone,LCZ)划分方法,该方法面向街区单元,较好地描述了街区尺度局部区域的精细化空间...     

煤层注气强化开采流固耦合效应研究

为准确表征煤层气藏强化开采过程中的复杂地质力学效应,同时考虑多孔介质全组份多过程物质运移特征,构建了煤层气藏强化开采全流固耦合数学模型,开发了相应的数值模拟算法,并据此进一步剖析了地质力学效应以及注入气组成对孔渗参数及注采指标的影响。结果表明,有效应力效应与基质膨胀/收缩作用均可显著地影响孔隙度与渗透率,但两者作用方向相反,注入CO2诱发的基质膨胀可使注入井附近渗透率损失近90%。随着杨氏模量的增大或者基质形变强度的降低,CO2突破时间提前,导致煤层气产量及CO2埋存量降低。研究成果可为煤层气产能准确预测及高效开发提供技术支持。     

非共沸混合工质有机朗肯循环系统变工况特性研究

鉴于分布式能源系统中燃气轮机负荷波动较大,而目前对有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle, ORC)研究更注重相同吸热量及其热力性能随初始参数变化的对比,很少考虑燃气轮机负荷降低时导致烟气温度和质量流量均下降对系统性能的影响.通过HYSYS平台构建特性模型,以换热器内窄点温差为约束条件,研究变工况特性...     

液相循环水热法污泥减量及资源化利用

为攻克目前污泥水热产物价值相对较低、水热液过剩等问题,提出将水热液作为水热介质多次循环利用的工艺方案。通过分析污泥中氮、磷及有机质等重要资源在水热固、液相中的转化及分配规律,探究水热液循环利用在提高污泥水热产物价值、节约水资源方面的可行性和潜在优势。结果表明：水热液循环利用促进液相产物中氮、磷成分积累,在250℃水热条件下,3次循环后液相氨氮质量浓度高达17 000 mg/L,液相总磷质量浓度为200 mg/L,分别是一次水热结果的4倍和5倍,显著提升水热液的资源回收效率;水热液循环利用促进水热固相的成炭过程,有助于提高污泥水热炭化产物的利用价值。通过调控水热反应强度、增加水热液循环次数,可实现水热产物价值最大化,同时提升水资源利用效率。研究结果可为水热法实现市政污泥高效减量化、资源化利用提供理论和技术支撑。     

Temporal and spatial Lagrangean decompositions in multi-site, multi-period production planning problems with sequence-dependent changeovers

We address in this paper the optimization of a multi-site, multi-period, and multi-product planning problem with sequence-dependent changeovers, which is modeled as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Industrial instances of this problem require the planning of a number of production and distribution sites over a time span of several months. Temporal and spatial Lagrangean decomposition schemes can be useful for solving these types of large-scale production planning problems. In this paper we present a theoretical result on the relative size of the duality gap of the two decomposition alternatives. We also propose a methodology for exploiting the economic interpretation of the Lagrange multipliers to speed the convergence of numerical algorithms for solving the temporal and spatial Lagrangean duals. The proposed methods are applied to the multi-site multi-period planning problem in order to illustrate their computational effectiveness.     

A new Lagrangian decomposition approach applied to the integration of refinery planning and crude-oil scheduling

The aim of this paper is to introduce a methodology to solve a large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) integrating the two main optimization problems appearing in the oil refining industry: refinery planning and crude-oil operations scheduling. The proposed approach consists of using Lagrangian decomposition to efficiently integrate both problems. The main advantage of this technique is to solve each problem separately. A new hybrid dual problem is introduced to update the Lagrange multipliers. It uses the classical concepts of cutting planes, subgradient, and boxstep. The proposed approach is compared to a basic sequential approach and to standard MINLP solvers. The results obtained on a case study and a larger refinery problem show that the new Lagrangian decomposition algorithm is more robust than the other approaches and produces better solutions in reasonable times.     

A decision support tool for strategic planning of sustainable biorefineries

In this paper we formulate, implement, and test a model for technology and product portfolio design for a multi-product multi-platform biorefining enterprise. The model considered is an MILP financial planning model with the objective of maximizing the stakeholder value. Integer variables are used to select appropriate feedstocks, technologies, and products, material and capacity balances are used to design capacity and set production targets, while cash balances are used to describe investment and operations financing. Stakeholder value is described as the shareholder value with monetized environmental implications in terms of emissions mitigation costs and credits. Process integration schemes utilizing emissions are considered to reduce the emissions load and add to the bottom-line. A preliminary process design and product portfolio is provided as a result. Advantages of process integration are quantified using a central utilities facility and effluent recycles. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine important parameters that shape the objective function.     

Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation of power plants including CO2 capture

CO₂ capture from power plants, combined with CO₂ storage, is a potential means for limiting the impact of fossil fuel use on the climate. In this paper, three oxy-fuel plants with incorporated CO₂ capture are evaluated from an economic and environmental perspective. The oxy-fuel plants, a plant with chemical looping combustion with near 100% CO₂ capture and two advanced zero emission plants with 100% and 85% CO₂ capture are evaluated and compared to a similarly structured reference plant without CO₂ capture. To complete the comparison, the reference plant is also considered with CO₂ capture incorporating chemical absorption with monoethanolamine. Two exergy-based methods, the exergoeconomic and the exergoenvironmental analyses, are used to determine the cost-related and the environmental impacts of the plants, respectively, and to reveal options for improving their overall effectiveness.For the considered oxy-fuel plants, the investment cost is estimated to be almost double that of the reference plant, mainly due to the equipment used for oxygen production and CO₂ compression. Furthermore, the exergoeconomic analysis reveals an increase in the cost of electricity with respect to the reference plant by more than 20%, with the advanced zero emission plant with 85% CO₂ capture being the most economical choice. On the other hand, a life cycle assessment reveals a decrease in the environmental impact of the plants with CO₂ capture, due to the CO₂ and NO_x emission control. This leads to a reduction in the overall environmental impact of the plants by more than 20% with respect to the reference plant. The most environmentally friendly concept is the plant with chemical looping combustion.     

高压罗茨风机在尾气回收系统中的应用

介绍了高压罗茨风机在尾气回收系统中的应用,简要说明了高压罗茨风机的结构特点,包括干气密封、系统配置、压力调节、气体置换等,这些在聚烯烃装置中所遇到的特殊的设计要点.     

150t转炉煤气回收控制系统的改进

介绍安钢150t转炉煤气回收控制系统组成,对存在问题进行了分析,提出相应的改进措施。