火成岩储层测井评价进展综述

十多年来,国内外火成岩储层测井评价已从交会图定性分析发展到用岩心分析资料建立裂缝性储层的测井解释模型，半定量、定量评价裂缝。成像测井和核磁测井的纵、横向分辨率高，经过地质刻度，可以较精细地识别岩性和裂缝，在解释火成岩方面有良好的效果。提高岩性识别准确率，识别复杂火成岩储层和孔隙流体，以及综合评价火成岩储层裂缝、饱和度等参数，仍然是火成岩储层测井评价所面临的难题。加强岩石物理基础实验，研究火成岩储层导电机理，系统研究火成岩储层测井评价理论，推广测井新技术在火成岩中的应用，建立统一的测井评价方法，将成为火成岩储层测井评价的发展趋势。     

屏蔽暂堵技术在青西地区的应用

对玉门油田青西地区裂缝性储层的保护方法 ,最有效的技术手段就是利用屏蔽暂堵技术。根据该地区储层岩性不同 ,分别选用聚磺、金属离子、阳离子钻井液体系 ,在原浆的基础上加入EP - 2、LF - 1和硅油消泡剂 ,配制成屏蔽暂堵钻井液体系。通过室内试验 :屏蔽暂堵钻井液体系API失水小于 5ml,HTHP失水小于 13ml,岩心渗透率恢复值大于 70 % ,起到了良好的屏蔽暂堵效果。经完井试油发现 ,储层污染明显减小 ,产量与邻井相比有大幅度提高     

利用反射纵波评价裂缝倾角的模拟实验研究

声波全波列测井中的反射纵波可以用来评价高角度裂缝和对井周附近地质结构进行成像。目前的研究主要侧重于直接从波形资料处理出发计算裂缝的位置和倾角 ,其可靠性和准确性无从评价和校验。文中采用模拟实验的方法记录了倾角为 6 0°～80°范围内的 8种倾角裂缝的反射脉冲纵波波形 ,自行推导了反演裂缝倾角的公式 ,结合波场分离技术对实验测量波形数据进行了处理 ,计算出的裂缝倾角与实际值具有良好的一致性。本文结果表明 ,利用至少 2个深度点的纵波反射波波形资料就可以准确地反演裂缝的倾角     

测井新技术在四川油气勘探开发中的应用

综述随着四川盆地油气勘探深入所面临的油气领域复杂和困难的技术问题，介绍应用测井新技术为四川油气开发解决了大量的技术难题，特别是在复杂缝，洞型储层的评价，井旁地质构造形态精细分析和地质，测井，地震多学科结合储层横向预测等3个方面所取得的良好应用效果。     

Analytical, numerical and experimental investigations of transverse fracture propagation from horizontal wells

This paper presents results of a comprehensive study involving analytical, numerical and experimental investigations into transverse fracture propagation from horizontal wells. The propagation of transverse hydraulic fractures from horizontal wells is simulated and investigated in the laboratory using carefully designed experimental setups. Closed-form analytical theories for Mode I (opening) stress intensity factors for idealized fracture geometries are reviewed, and a boundary element-based model is used herein to investigate non-planar propagation of fractures. Using the mixed mode fracture propagation criterion of the model, a reasonable agreement is found with respect to fracture geometry, net fracture pressures and fracture propagation paths between the modeled fractures and the laboratory tested fractures. These results suggest that the propagation of multiple fractures requires higher net pressures than a single fracture, the underlying reason of which is theoretically justified on the basis of local stress distribution.     

Deformation of Rodlike Elements of Composite Materials Subjected to Uniform Compression

On the basis of generalization of the results of investigation of the operation of rodlike elements of composite materials, we make a conclusion that the influence of various factors on the deformability of these elements is studied incompletely. The comparison of the stress-strain states for different models of concrete and reinforced-concrete elements makes it possible to describe the effect of longitudinal reinforcement (coefficient of reinforcement, strength and deformation characteristics) on the critical level of strains in the cross section. According to the results of our investigations, we give recommendations concerning the evaluation of the critical value of the coefficient of reinforcement above which one may observe the effect of reinforcement on the deformability of the analyzed sections. It is shown that the compression strength of the brittle base of the composite with inhomogeneous structure decreases as a result of the fracture processes. It is also demonstrated that the existing procedure used for the evaluation of the indicated decrease in strength requires significant improvement. The problem of evaluation of the ultimate value of the coefficient of reinforcement is also analyzed.     

根据人工裂缝特征优化油井压裂地质方案

近年来大庆油田外围地区地质储量得到动用，每年依靠压裂投产的井逐渐增多，由达西定律可知，在油层厚度一定的情况下，措施井的渗透率是影响产量的关键参数，油井压裂可以改善油井周围地层渗透性，消除近井地带油层污染，从而提高油井产能，而人工压裂的成功与否主要取决于裂缝的导流能力和裂缝的几何形态，为此，根据台105地区地质特征，结合低渗透油田开发实际，本着经济有效的开发原则，从人工裂缝特征，方位对开发效果的影响等方面，论述了优化油井压裂地质方案技术的方法，改善了低渗透油田的开发效果。     

Numerical simulations of specimen size and mismatch effects in ductile crack growth - Part II: Near-tip stress fields

The effect of ductile crack growth on the near tip stress field in two different specimen geometries has been investigated. For homogeneous specimens it is observed that the peak stress level increases with ductile crack growth. The effect is most pronounced up to about 1 mm of crack growth. For low and intermediate hardening there is a significant effect of specimen size on the stress level. In case of mismatch in yield stress, the simulations show that the increase in stress level in the material with the lower yield stress is of a similar magnitude as is the case for stationary cracks. In case of ductile crack growth deviation from the original crack plane occurs, the highest stresses are still found close to the interface, and not in front of the current crack tip.     

聚合物-金属界面相形貌的研究

环氧树脂在 Al 合金表面生成纤维状的界面相结构,其形成、发展和特征与树脂的体系、交联反应条件以及 Al 合金的表面状态有关。环氧树脂的基础相为颗粒状的超结构组织。聚合物界面相的力学破坏表现为纤维体的拉伸、变形和断裂,而基础相在纯剪切受力时出现在45°方向的裂纹,并发展导致连接层的破坏。     

A One-Dimensional Nonlocal Damage-Plasticity Model for Ductile Materials

This paper presents a new 1-D non-local damage-plasticity deformation model for ductile materials. It uses the thermodynamic framework described in Houlsby and Puzrin (2000) and holds, nevertheless, some similarities with Lemaitre’s (1971) approach. A 1D finite element (FE) model of a bar fixed at one end and loaded in tension at the other end is introduced. This simple model demonstrates how the approach can be implemented within the finite element framework, and that it is capable of capturing both the pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening (generally responsible for models instability) due to damage-induced stiffness and strength reduction characteristic of ductile materials. It is also shown that the approach has further advantages of achieving some degree of mesh independence, and of being able to capture deformation size effects. Finally, it is illustrated how the model permits the calculation of essential work of rupture (EWR), i.e. the specific energy per unit cross-sectional area that is needed to cause tensile failure of a specimen.