等通道转角挤压工艺对TA15合金显微硬度的影响

研究近α钛合金TA15经等通道转角挤压工艺(ECAP)加工后的维氏显微硬度及其变化规律。结果表明:TA15合金经ECAP挤压后,显微硬度显著提高,且合金试样外层硬度略高于芯部。合金的显微硬度与组织畸变程度、位错密度、晶粒尺寸以及相组成等密切相关。相变点以下挤压,挤压温度越低,硬度越高;相变点以上挤压,由于挤压后水冷过程中在β相内产生针状马氏体α′,硬度明显高于相变点以下挤压。模具转角越小,显微硬度越高。随挤压次数增加,硬度先增大后保持基本不变,而挤压路径对硬度的影响与挤压次数、挤压后细化效果密切相关。TA15合金经ECAP后退火,显微硬度明显降低。     

Comparative study of compressive and fatigue strength of dental implants made of nanocrystalline Ti Hard and microcrystalline Ti G4

Over the last decades, much research has been done to improve the surface quality of dental implants, but there was no change in the materials used to manufacture the implants. The purpose of the present work is to compare the compressive strength and fatigue failure of dental implants made with a new material, nanocrystalline Ti grade 4 fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) (Ti Hard) with a traditional material, microcrystalline Ti grade 4 (Ti G4). Machined screw‐shaped implants with three different designs (Easy, Torq and Flash) made with the two materials were subjected to static and dynamic compressive loads. Implants made with Ti Hard showed higher static compressive strength (Easy: 889.9 ± 79.4 N, Flash: 588.9 ± 74.7 N, Torq: 498.3 ± 54.6 N) than implants made with TiG4 (Easy: 776.4 ± 74.5 N, Flash: 308.8 ± 15.2 N, Torq: 410.3 ± 25.2 N) and higher fatigue strength for 5 10⁶ cycles (Easy: 400 N, Flash: 280 N, Torq: 260 N) than implants made with TiG4 (Easy: 300 N, Flash: 200 N, Torq: 200 N). The higher fatigue strength of nanocrystalline Ti G4 is attributed to a delay in crack initiation.     

Verarbeitung hochfester Aluminiumlegierungen durch umformende Verfahren

Forming of high‐strength aluminium alloys A comparison of the forming behavior of both aluminum alloys in as‐received condition (EN AW‐7075 T651) as well as modified condition (EN AW‐7075 ECAP) when processed with conventional forming processes (rolling, extrusion) is conducted on the base of experimentally determined material characteristics. In the following the process limits of the true strain are located by variegating the tool geometry. The influence of the manufacturing method on the plasticity is also a subject matter to analysis. Based upon the outcome of this analysis special tool conceptions are being developed, which allow the forming of highest‐strength aluminum while creating hydrostatical pressure states in the deformed zone. Both simulation and experiments showed material failure of the ultra‐fine‐grained materials when extruded whereas rolling, being the incremental forming process, allowed damage‐free manufacturing of components.     

ECAP变形2J4合金的显微组织和磁性能

研究了等径弯曲通道变形（ECAP）对2J4合金显微组织和磁性能的影响。结果表明，2J4合金在室温下经A方式的ECAP变形后，组织明显细化，原有的奥氏体区部分转变为马氏体，且变形量越大，马氏体的质量分数越多。ECAP变形试样具有比冷轧试样更优异的磁滞性能，表现为更高的矫顽力、剩磁及更大的磁能积。ECAP变形为制备利用率高、成本低的高性能磁性材料提供了一种新途径。     

Correlation between hydrogen storage properties and textures induced in magnesium through ECAP and cold rolling

It is feasible to obtain a significant enhancement of the hydrogen storage capability in magnesium by selecting an appropriate sequence of mechanical processing. The Mg metal may be produced with different textures which will then give significant differences in the absorption/desorption kinetics and in the incubation times for hydrogenation. Using processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), different textures may be produced by changing both the numbers of passes through the ECAP die and the ram speed. Significant grain refinement is easily avoided by using commercial coarse-grained magnesium as the starting material. The use of cold rolling after ECAP further increases the preferential texture for hydrogenation. The results show that the hydriding properties are enhanced with a (002) texture where the improved kinetics lie mainly in the initial stages of hydrogenation. An incubation time is associated with the presence of a (101) texture and this is probably due to the magnesium oxide stability in this direction.     

浅析电控柴油机匹配整车的高温标定方法

主要是以电控组合泵柴油发动机为例,简介电控柴油机匹配整车的高温标定方法。     

热挤压及热处理对等通道挤压法制备纳米级金属组织和性能的影响

等通道挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing)是制备纳米级金属结构材料的有效方法,热挤压过程中,可能发生动态回复和动态再结晶。针对以上情况,总结了挤压变形温度及挤压后热处理对组织和性能的影响,并对其发展趋势做了进一步的展望。     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of ECAP processed AZ31B over a wide range of loading rates under compression and tension

In this work, a commercial magnesium alloy, AZ31B in hot-rolled condition, has been subjected to severe plastic deformation via four passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to modify its microstructure. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the microstructure of the as-received, ECAPed and mechanically loaded specimens. Mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated under both compression and tension along the rolling/extrusion direction over a wide range of strain rates. The yield strength, ultimate strength and failure strain/elongation under compression and tension were compared in detail to sort out the effects of factors in terms of microstructure and loading conditions. The results show that both the as-received alloy and ECAPed alloy are nearly insensitive to strain rate under compression, and the stress–strain curves exhibit clear sigmoidal shape, pointing to dominance of mechanical twinning responsible for the plastic deformation under compression. All compressive samples fail prematurely via adiabatic shear banding followed by cracking. Significant grain size refinement is identified in the vicinity of the shear crack. Under tension, the yield strength is much higher, with strong rate dependence and much improved tensile ductility in the ECAPed specimens. Tensile ductility is even much larger than the malleability under compression. This supports the operation of 〈c + a〉 dislocations. However, ECAP lowers the yield and flow strengths of the alloy under tension. We attempted to employ a mechanistic model to provide an explanation for the experimental results of plastic deformation and failure, which is in accordance with the physical processes under tension and compression.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ODS Fe14Cr model alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Abstract

A nanograin sized model oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel with nominal composition Fe–14Cr–0·3Y₂O₃ (wt-%) was produced by mechanical alloying and consolidated by hot isostatic pressing. The alloy was submitted to severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Microstructural and mechanical characterisation was performed before and after ECAP. It was found that ECAP decreases and homogenises grain size without altering the nanoparticle dispersion, in addition to enhancing ductility and shifting the strength drop at high temperatures.     

等通道热挤压变形制备奥氏体不锈钢纳米级组织

 通过采用700 ℃等通道挤压法(ECAP法)对00Cr19Ni10奥氏体不锈钢实施变形,制备出晶粒尺寸在200~300 nm的超细晶组织,由此可使其抗拉强度与屈服强度显著增加。同时探讨了ECAP细化机理,对试验钢在等通道挤压变形中的微观组织演变过程进行了分析,发现其组织演变与滑移、孪晶以及动态再结晶有关。