Analysis of Plasmalogen Species in Foodstuffs

Ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), which is present at high levels in brains, is believed to be involved in neuronal protection. The present study was performed to search for PlsEtn resources in foodstuffs. The foodstuffs examined showed a wide range of PlsEtn contents from 5 to 549 μmol/100 g wet wt. The marine invertebrates, blue mussel, and ascidian had high PlsEtn contents (over 200 μmol/100 g wet wt). Profiling of the molecular species showed that the predominant fatty acids of PlsEtn species were 20:5 (EPA) and 22:6 (DHA) at the sn‐2 position of the glycerol moiety in marine foodstuffs, whereas major PlsEtn species in land foodstuffs were 20:4. Following quantitative analysis by multiple reaction monitoring, the ascidian viscera were shown to contain the highest levels of 18:0/20:5‐PlsEtn and 18:0/22:6‐PlsEtn (86 and 68 μmol/100 g wet wt, respectively). In order to evaluate a neuronal antiapoptotic effect of these PlsEtn species, human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl), purified from the ascidian viscera, under serum starvation conditions. Extrinsic EtnGpl from ascidian viscera showed stronger suppression of cell death induced by serum starvation than with bovine brain EtnGpl. The EtnGpl from ascidian viscera strongly suppressed the activation of caspase 3. These results suggest that PlsEtn, especially that containing EPA and DHA, from marine foodstuffs is potentially useful for a therapeutic dietary supplement preventing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).     

A Striking Parallel Between Cardiolipin Fatty Acid Composition and Phylogenetic Belonging in Marine Bivalves: A Possible Adaptative Evolution?

Thirty-five species of marine mollusk bivalves were analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) composition of cardiolipin (Ptd(2)Gro). All species showed a Ptd(2)Gro with strong selectivity for only a few polyunsaturated fatty acids, but three characteristic FA profiles emerged, with clear parallels to bivalve phylogeny. A first group of 12 species belonging to the Eupteriomorphia subgroup (Filibranchia) was characterized by a Ptd(2)Gro almost exclusively composed of 22:6n-3, whereas in the four Filibranchia Pteriomorph species analyzed, this FA was combined with substantial proportions of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3. Finally, a third group of 20 species, all belonging to the Heterodonta subclass, possessed Ptd(2)Gro containing predominantly both 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3. Polyunsaturated FA moieties and arrangements in the Ptd(2)Gro of some marine species investigated in other classes of the mollusk phylum (Gastropoda, Polyplacophora) were found to be different. The present results suggest that the specific Ptd(2)Gro FA compositions in bivalves are likely to be controlled and conserved in species of the same phylogenetic group. Functional significances of the evolution of this mitochondrial lipid structure in bivalves are discussed.     

轻合金覆膜砂专用酚醛树脂的开发研究

采用具有不饱和脂肪直链的EPA改性剂参与合成酚醛树脂，用不饱和脂肪直链段部分取代亚甲基键，使酚醛树脂具有高强度和较低温度分解的特性。研究了EPA的加入量对树脂性质和覆膜砂力学性能的影响，10％是最佳值。热失重试验和高温变形曲线试验结果证明，使用该树脂混制的覆膜砂，具有强度高、溃散性好等特点。实践证明：使用该种覆膜砂浇注铸件后，工人的清砂劳动量下降，工作效率显著提高。     

Irradiation embrittlement monitoring of WWER-440/213 TYPE RPVs

In the paper the main goals and progress of the surveillance specimen programme for the RPVs WWER-440/213 in Jaslovské Bohunice V-2 and Mochovce NPPs are presented. At Jaslovské Bohunice V-2, the standard surveillance specimen programme (SSSP) was finished and so-called ‘Extended Surveillance Specimen Programme’ (ESSP) was prepared on the base of its critical analysis. For first two units of the Mochovce NPP completely new programmes of irradiation embrittlement monitoring called ‘Modern Surveillance Specimen Programme’ is prepared. It is based on the experience with SSSP and ESSP as well as the recommendations of IAEA experts. This programme will serve for Mochovce NPP during all planned service life. The experience of ESSP application on the 3rd and 4th units in Jaslovské Bohunice V-2 NPP are presented in the paper too.     

EPA控制网络中GSM接入点的设计

针对无线EPA接入设备中蓝牙、ZigBee等无线通信技术传输距离短、不利于远程监控的缺点,设计了基于GSM功能的无线EPA接入设备。考虑到移动通信网络实时性不高的特点,提出了在EPA控制网络的L2网段设计GSM接入点的方案。分别从硬件设计、报文转换、地址映射等角度,对GSM接入点的设计流程进行了研究。测试结果表明,GSM接入点能够较好地满足EPA微网段远程监控的需要,商用无线通信技术也必将引领未来无线控制网络的发展方向。     

尿素包合法富集海狗油中的多不饱和脂肪酸

研究了尿素/脂肪酸的质量比、结晶时间和结晶温度三因素对尿素包合法富集多不饱和脂肪酸效果的影响。结果显示适宜的尿素包合条件为:尿素/脂肪酸的质量比4∶1;结晶时间20h;结晶温度4℃,在此条件下未包合脂肪酸中EPA、DPA和DHA的总含量可从21.1%提高至73.32%,富集得率为17.91%。     

响应面法优化终极腐霉生产EPA的发酵工艺

为进一步提高终极腐霉EPA产量,在初步优化发酵条件的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman和Box-Behnken实验设计优化终极腐霉生产EPA发酵工艺。获得的最优发酵工艺条件为:蔗糖8%,硝酸钾0.4%,酵母粉0.65%,磷酸氢二钠0.175%,硫酸镁0.065%,大豆油1.0%,起始p H6.0,装液量50 m L/250 m L。在最优发酵工艺条件下,EPA产量达到541.61 mg/L,比初步优化产量(456.39 mg/L)提高了85.22 mg/L。     

鱼油软胶囊中脂肪酸组成及比率分析

采用气相色谱法对海洋鱼油软胶囊中脂肪酸组成和比率进行分析,为合理补充DHA、EPA等多不饱和脂肪酸提供理论依据,并为鉴别海洋鱼油质量提供基础数据。结果表明:鱼油软胶囊中主要含有C14~C22脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数50.8%~85.1%,特别是具有重要生理作用的多不饱和脂肪酸,如C20:5(EPA,约占10.0%~35.1%)、C22:6(DHA,约占10.7%~20.5%);鱼油软胶囊中n-3不饱和脂肪酸质量分数约为22.5%~55.7%,n-6不饱和脂肪酸与n-3不饱和脂肪酸的比率约为0~0.7,EPA与DHA的比率约为0.8~1.9。     

基于EPA协议的精确时钟同步方法

工业以太网中通讯链路的不对称性,使得IEEE1588协议中的从时钟偏差计算方法并不适用.本文在EPA(Ether-net for Plant Automation)协议中CSME(Communication Scheduling Management Entity)算法调度的基础上分析了IEEE1588时间同步协议,提出了一种从时钟同步于主时钟的加权修正算法,同时应用晶振频率补偿算法,使得满足了基于EPA协议的工业以太网系统中同步数据采集和控制的实时性要求.采用硬件描述语言(Verilog HDL)和现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)实现了这种硬件时钟同步方法.该方法解决了传统的基于片上系统(SOC)时钟同步方案中时间戳不稳定、同步精度低等问题.使用Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500的FPGA验证了主从时钟的一致性,160ns的标准偏差和50ns的时间偏差平均值的测试结果证明了本文中算法较之协议中原算法的优越性.该方法也为集成现有网卡芯片的系统提供了一种高性价比和高精度的时钟同步解决方案.     

降低高度不饱和脂肪酸乙酯中的过氧化值方法的研究

以LiAlH_4为还原剂,试图降低富含高度不饱和脂肪酸乙酯(主要是5、8、11、14、17、——廿碳五烯酸乙酯,5、8、11、14、17、20——廿二碳六烯酸乙酯。分别简称为EPA乙酯,DHA乙酯)的鱼油酸乙酯的过氧化值。其中,以乙醚为溶剂,LiAlH_4的用量为3％,反应时间为60～90min,去过氧化值的效果显著,方法较简便。