Optimal Control of Solar Sludge Dryers

Optimal control (OC) methodology is used to develop a control policy for a batch-operated solar sludge dryer with ventilation as the dominant control. Batch performance criteria and instantaneous optimization criteria are developed for two economic environments: quota limited and capital limited. The general formulation, as well as simplifications resulting from the multiplicative form of the evaporation (drying) rate model, are presented. The multiplicative form results in a single constant number, called here “control intensity,” which is used to guide the on-line control decisions. These decisions turn out to be independent of the dry solids content (DSC) of the sludge. Further simplification, by assuming a strictly constant weather, is used to demonstrate the general effects of the economic and physical (weather) environment on the solution.

The OC approach is used to address, via simulation under realistic weather conditions, several design, operation, and pricing problems. In particular, the following have been considered: sizing of the ventilation fans, determination of a fair fee for sludge disposal, finding the best final DSC, and evaluating the effect of the price of electricity. Regarding the particular location represented by the data, it has been shown that the installed capacity of the ventilation fans should be increased and that there seems to be sufficient economic incentive for solar drying.     

露天表外矿利用的技术经济分析模型

本文利用成本效益分析方法，结合露天开采的特点，对其表外矿石利用问题建立了相应的静态及动态分析模型，并给出了一个计算示例。     

节能型铝合金连续熔化－去气炉

介绍一种用于铝合金的连续熔化－去气的节能装置。着重讨论了此装置的结构和操作要点以及影响铝合金质量的因素。文中对比了此装置与传统阶段式熔化系统操作上的异同点。分析了连续熔化炉的经济效益。研究表明毛坯耗电量下降８５％，并可减少合金元素加入量以及坩埚和加热元件的消耗。铸件质量合格。     

中型孔径小梯段露天石方深孔水压爆破

介绍了一种石方开挖新技术－－露天石方深孔水压爆破技术。用试验的方法，通过和常规石方爆破进行类比，从而研究了此项新技术在中型孔径小梯段应用条件下的各种爆破参数，并进行了定性和定量分析，得到了一些初步的结论。     

Waste-to-energy based greenhouse heating: exploring viability conditions through optimisation models

An optimisation approach is proposed in order to assess the technical and economic feasibility of a renewable-energy-based greenhouse in North-Eastern Italy. A floor heating system that can exploit a low-temperature heat flow coming from the condenser of a waste-to-energy plant is chosen for the greenhouse and designed developing a non-linear optimisation model, solved by a genetic algorithm. In order to determine under what conditions the combination of a floor-heating-based greenhouse with a waste-to-energy plant can be profitable, a mixed integer optimisation model is introduced to allow selection of the minimum cost fuel solution as a function of different design variables of the greenhouse, such as indoor temperature settings and floor area. The ranges within which the renewable energy solution can lead to significant savings in comparison to traditional fossil fuel are identified both from the point of view of costs and of environmental impact. Furthermore, the sales prices for waste heat that would make investment in the renewable energy solution attractive for potential entrepreneurs are given.     

关于移动平均过程两系数的推导

对经济预测方法中两公式给出了证明，两公式的系数被显式推导出来，这两个公式是时间序列模型公式，广泛用于经济预测之中，但文献上很难找到推导过程，本文的证明是基本的，无需高深数学知识即可理解．     

家居室内环境的“低碳”设计思考

目前家居装饰装修市场繁荣,人们伴随着经济实力的提升而追求居住环境的舒适性、豪华性、美观性的愿望得已实现,但设计师和客户都应理性的对待居住空间的过分装饰和纯粹的美观性,应注重营造实用、绿色低碳的家居空间环境,顺应社会发展的要求。本文通过对家居空间"低碳"设计的分析,倡导家居空间环境应健康节能、选择低碳的装饰装修设计。     

Physics-guided logistic classification for tool life modeling and process parameter optimization in machining

This paper describes a physics-guided logistic classification method for tool life modeling and process parameter optimization in machining. Tool life is modeled using a classification method since the exact tool life cannot be measured in a typical production environment where tool wear can only be directly measured when the tool is replaced. In this study, laboratory tool wear experiments are used to simulate tool wear data normally collected during part production. Two states are defined: tool not worn (class 0) and tool worn (class 1). The non-linear reduction in tool life with cutting speed is modeled by applying a logarithmic transformation to the inputs for the logistic classification model. A method for interpretability of the logistic model coefficients is provided by comparison with the empirical Taylor tool life model. The method is validated using tool wear experiments for milling. Results show that the physics-guided logistic classification method can predict tool life using limited datasets. A method for pre-process optimization of machining parameters using a probabilistic machining cost model is presented. The proposed method offers a robust and practical approach to tool life modeling and process parameter optimization in a production environment.     

Energy and economic analysis of a hydrogen and ammonia co-generation system based on double chemical looping

In this work, a model of hydrogen production by double chemical looping is introduced. The efficiency benefit obtained was investigated. The chemical looping hydrogen generation unit is connected in series to the downstream of a chemical looping gasification unit as an additional system for 100 MW·h coal gasification, with the function of supplementary combustion to produce hydrogen. Using Aspen Plus software for process simulation, the production of H_2 and N_2 in the series system is higher than that in the independent Chemical looping gasification and Chemical looping hydrogen generation systems, and the production of hydrogen is approximately 25.63% and 12.90% higher, respectively; The study found that when the gasification temperature is 900 °C, steam-carbon ratio is 0.84 and oxygen-carbon ratio is 1.5,the hydrogen production rate of the system was the maximum. At the same time, through heat exchange between logistics, high-pressure steam at 8.010×10~4 kg·h~(-1) and medium-pressure steam at 1.101×10~4 kg·h~(-1) are generated, and utility consumption is reduced by 61.58%, with utility costs decreasing by 48.69%. An economic estimation study found that the production cost of ammonia is 108.66 USD·(t NH_3)~(-1). Finally, cost of equipment is the main factors influencing ammonia production cost were proposed by sensitivity analysis.     

无润滑空气压缩机冷却水系统的清洗

介绍了无润滑空气压缩机冷却水系统结垢的危害性，阐述了清洗的原理，提出了清洗时应注意的工艺参数，操作时的注意事项和由此带来的经济效益。