熔渣电炉的设备特点和主要技术参数的确定

以热兑法冶炼微碳铬铁的工艺特点作为设计熔渣电炉的主要依据 ,并结合国内外炉型参数等 ,总结、确定了熔渣电炉的主要技术参数 ,对于设计熔渣电炉有实际意义。     

Anisotropic thermal conductivities of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings in relation to the microstructure

Anisotropic thermal conductivities of the plasma-sprayed ceramic coating are explicitly expressed in terms of the microstructural parameters. The dominant features of the porous space are identified as strongly oblate (cracklike) pores that tend to be either parallel or normal to the substrate. The scatter in pore orientations is shown to have a pronounced effect on the effective conductivities. The established quantitative microstructure-property relations, if combined with the knowledge of the processing parameters-resulting microstructure connections, can be utilized for controlling the conductivities in the desired way.     

柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法合成LiZn(P_(1-x)V_x)O_4及其离子导电性

采用柠檬酸盐溶胶 -凝胶法合成了组成为 Li Zn(P1- x Vx) O4 (x=0 ,0 .1 ,0 .2 ,0 .3,0 .4,0 .5)的离子导体 ,并对合成材料进行了差示热分析 (DTA)、热重分析 (TG)、X射线衍射 (XRD)和透射电镜 (TEM)等表征。实验结果表明 ,组成为 Li Zn PO4 的烧结体结构为 α- L i Zn PO4 ;x=0 .4,0 .5的烧结体具有 Li Zn VO4 结构 ,为固溶体 (Li Zn VO4 )单相 ;而 x=0 .1 ,0 .2 ,0 .3的烧结体是由 α- Li Zn PO4 和 Li Zn VO4 两相组成的。由于 α- Li Zn PO4 烧结体的相对密度极小 ,样品在室温下几乎不显示导电性 ;而掺杂了 V以后的样品 ,随着结构和组成不同显示出不同程度的导电性 ,其中以 x=0 .4时值最大 ,T=30℃时 σ=4.55× 1 0 - 7S· cm- 1。     

Thermal conductivity and elastic modulus evolution of thermal barrier coatings under high heat flux conditions

Laser high heat flux test approaches have been established to obtain critical properties of ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) under near-realistic temperature and thermal gradients that may be encountered in advanced engine systems. Thermal conductivity change kinetics of a thin ceramic coating were continuously monitored in real time at various test temperatures. A significant thermal conductivity increase was observed during the laser-simulated engine heat flux tests. For a 0.25 mm thick ZrO₂-8% Y₂O₃ coating system, the overall thermal conductivity increased from the initial value of 1.0 W/m K to 1.15, 1.19, and 1.5 W/m K after 30 h of testing at surface temperatures of 990, 1100, and 1320 °C, respectively, Hardness and elastic modulus gradients across a 1.5 mm thick TBC system were also determined as a function of laser testing time using the laser sintering/creep and microindentation techniques. The coating Knoop hardness values increased from the initial hardness value of 4 GPa to 5 GPa near the ceramic/bond coat interface and to 7.5 GPa at the ceramic coating surface after 120 h of testing. The ceramic surface modulus increased from an initial value of about 70 GPa to a final value of 125 GPa. The increase in thermal conductivity and the evolution of significant hardness and modulus gradients in the TBC systems are attributed to sintering-induced microporosity gradients under the laser-imposed high thermal gradient conditions. The test techniques provide a viable means for obtaining coating data for use in design, development, stress modeling, and life prediction for various TBC applications.     

Influence of electronic properties of Na2O/CaO catalysts on their catalytic characteristics for the oxidative coupling of methane

For Na₂O/CaO catalysts of different sodium content the adsorption of oxygen and their electrical properties were studied by transient experiments and measurements of contact potential differences (CPD) as well as electrical conductivity. CPD results show a change of the mechanism of oxygen activation with increasing sodium concentration due to changing the type of ionic conductivity from cationic to anionic. Anion vacancies are formed by incorporation of sodium into the CaO lattice. As CPDs show, the cation conductivity promotes an accumulation of oxygen species on the catalyst surface resulting in a decrease of C₂ product selectivity for the catalyzed oxidative coupling of methane. The anion conductivity favors a dissociation of molecular adsorbed oxygen and a subsequent incorporation into the oxide lattice, hereby, decreasing its concentration on the catalyst surface which favors in term selective formation of ethane and ethylene. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

导电型室温硫化硅橡胶的研究

研究了炭黑的结构和配合量对室温硫化硅橡胶导电性能和力学性能的影响, 以及室温硫化硅橡胶基胶摩尔质量对导电性能的影响。结果表明： ７ 份乙炔炭黑能赋予室温硫化硅橡胶良好的导电性, 当乙炔炭黑用量为１０ 份时, 室温硫化硅橡胶的体积电阻率达到６０ Ω·ｃｍ ; 摩尔质量较低的硅橡胶导电性能更佳; 同时, 乙炔炭黑能提高硅橡胶的拉伸强度和硬度。     

应变影响下单晶Ge薄膜热导率分析

利用非平衡态分子动力学模拟方法研究了应变对Ge薄膜热导率的影响。结果表明系统应变对单晶Ge薄膜热导率产生明显影响,热导率随着拉伸应变的增大而减小,随着压缩应变的增大而增大,得出声子速率降低以及薄膜表面重构是产生该模拟结果的内在原因。同时,采用修正的Callaway模型对NEMD结果进行理论验证,两种方法得到的结果吻合得较好。理论结果表明应变弛豫时间对Ge单晶薄膜的热导率产生了重要影响。     

Gd~(3+)/Ga~(3+)共掺杂石榴石型Yb_3Al_5O_(12)材料的制备及热物理性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了Gd~(3+)/Ga~(3+)双掺杂的石榴石型Yb_(3-x)Gd_xAl_(5-x)Ga_xO_(12)固溶体陶瓷材料(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5;YGAGO)。结果表明:Gd~(3+)/Ga~(3+)共掺杂的YGAGO保持了石榴石相结构;随着Gd~(3+)/Ga~(3+)掺杂量的增加,固溶体样品的衍射峰位整体向低角度偏移;SEM形貌表明Yb_3Al_5O_(12)材料的微观形貌由纳米级晶粒和高密度晶界构成;大离子Gd~(3+)与Ga~(3+)分别对Yb_3Al_5O_(12)晶体结构中Yb~(3+)与Al~(3+)晶格位的取代,不仅因引入的点缺陷明显降低了材料的热导率,同时还造成石榴石型Yb_3Al_5O_(12)晶体结构的松弛,利于热膨胀系数的提高。随着Gd~(3+)/Ga~(3+)掺杂量的增加,晶体中点缺陷浓度不断升高,声子平均自由程不断减小,使得YGAGO的热导率在x=0.5时达到最低值(λ=1.67W/(m·K),T=1273 K),热膨胀系数达到最高值(α_1=11.71×10~(-6)K~(-1),T=1273 K)。     

氧化铝陶瓷基板化学镀铜工艺优化

目的化学镀铜是氧化铝陶瓷基板金属化的一种重要手段,为了进一步优化氧化铝陶瓷基板化学镀铜工艺,研究了化学镀铜液配比(尤其是镀液中铜离子和甲醛含量)对氧化铝陶瓷覆铜板微结构和导电性的影响。方法在对氧化铝陶瓷基板经过前期处理后,采用化学镀铜法在基板上镀铜。采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜对氧化铝基板上的化学镀铜层物相和形貌进行观察。采用覆层测厚仪、四探针测试仪对化学铜镀层的膜厚和方阻进行测量。结果 XRD结果表明,不同配比镀液得到的化学镀铜层均具有较好的晶化程度,镀液中甲醛和铜含量较低的镀液可制备出晶粒更为细小的化学镀铜层。甲醛和铜离子含量均较高时,沉积速度过快,使镀铜层的均匀性和致密性不佳。但当甲醛含量较高、铜离子含量较低时,沉积速度适中,从而获得了均匀性和致密性较好的镀铜层,同时这种镀层具有良好的导电性。结论采用表面活性化学镀铜工艺,当镀液中甲醛浓度为0.25 mol/L和硫酸铜质量浓度为1.2 g/L时,无需高温热处理,即获得了均匀性和致密性俱佳的铜镀层,可满足覆铜板的使用要求。     

AgSn合金压坯氧化烧结一体化工艺研究

就AgSn合金压坯氧化烧结一体化工艺进行探究。通过XRD和SEM等手段对制得的AgSn合金粉末进行表征,系统考察了氧化温度、氧化时间、成型压力、烧结温度和烧结时间对AgSn合金压坯氧化率、相对密度和抗弯强度的影响。确定了较适宜的氧化温度和时间为700℃和2 h,较适宜的烧结温度和时间为900℃和3 h,较适宜的压坯压力为250 MPa。结果表明:AgSn合金压坯氧化烧结一体化工艺不但能够简化传统粉末冶金工艺流程,提高生产效率,并且能够提高粉末的烧结活性。