Studies of deformation-induced texture development in sheet materials using diffraction techniques

Crystallographic texture measurements were made on a series of rolled aluminum sheet specimens deformed in equi-biaxial tension up to a strain level of 0.11. The measurement techniques used were neutron diffraction with a 4-circle goniometer, electron backscatter diffraction, conventional powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and XRD using an area detector. Results indicated a complex texture orientation distribution function which altered in response to the applied plastic deformation. Increased deformation caused the {1 1 0} planes, to align parallel to the plane of the sheet. The different techniques produced results that were very consistent with each other. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed, with particular consideration of the time taken for each method, the range of orientation space accessible, the density of data that can be obtained, and the statistical significance of each data set with respect to rolled sheet product.     

Cu diffusion in α-Fe: determination of solute diffusivities using atomic-scale simulations

The nucleation and growth of radiation-induced Cu-rich clusters have proved an important topic in the study of microstructural and chemical evolution responsible for property changes in pressure vessel steels subjected to neutron irradiation. Small Cu clusters can act as precipitate precursors and contribute to the hardening of the material by impeding dislocation glide. Reliable Cu diffusion coefficients provide critical input to Monte Carlo and rate theory approaches to study the kinetics of diffusion and clustering that lead to the formation of such Cu-rich features. In this paper we report the results of a molecular dynamics study of Cu solute-atom diffusion in a Fe–0.9at%Cu alloy, using high-temperatures and high-vacancy concentrations to hasten the convergence of the calculation. We find a value of 0.61 eV for the migration energy of Cu in the b.c.c Fe matrix, in good agreement with available experimental results. The main diffusion mechanisms under the conditions simulated are identified and discussed, and the effect of vacancy and solute clustering on Cu migration is assessed. In addition, a rigorous computation of the solute enhancement factor, correlation factor and solute diffusivity is performed within the five-frequency theoretical framework and the harmonic approximation. The results obtained are compared with those yielded by the direct MD simulations and the observed differences discussed.     

Prediction of holz pattern shifts in convergent beam diffraction

In general, diffraction patterns from the higher-order Laue zones are shifted with respect to the zero-order pattern. Expressions for the shift ( t ) have been derived in terms of the indices [u, v, w] of a zone, the interplanar spacing ( H ), and a reciprocal lattice vector [ g _L (hkl)] in a holz. The resulting vector possesses the direction of t in terms of a zolz reciprocal lattice vector and has a magnitude which is a fraction of that of the zolz vector. Hence, the calculation of t allows quantitative determination of the location of specific planes in a holz with respect to the zolz, thus simplifying the determination of plane indices consistent with those used in the zolz. The expressions for determining t for cubic, hexagonal close-packed (hep), tetragonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic crystal types are presented in a table and, when applied, allow calculation of t expressed as a fraction of a zolz vector. An example for graphite is presented to illustrate the use of the equation, and t vectors for several zones for the simple cubic system are tabulated.     

可降解温敏型共聚物PLGA-PEG-PLGA的合成及辐照法分子量调整

合成了不同嵌段的可降解的温敏型聚乙交酯丙交酯-聚乙二醇-聚乙交酯丙交酯共聚物（DL—lactide—co—glycolide-b-ethylene glycol—b—DL—lactide—co—glycolide，PLGA-PEG—PLGA）。用红外、核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱等表征了其化学结构、分子量及分子量分布，研究了其相变过程。用辐照法成功地进行了PLGA—PEG—PLGA分子量调整。实验结果表明，在反应温度150℃催化剂辛酸亚锡0．04g反应8h，5．08g乙交酯与12．61g丙交酯（摩尔比为1：2）的条件下，产物溶于水后得到的水凝胶具有明显的相变过程。不同分子量的共聚物相变温度不同，在同定聚乙二醇分子量且共聚物溶液浓度相同条件下，共聚物中丙交酯与乙交酯比例越高，共聚物分子量越大，相同浓度下的分子量越大的共聚物形成的溶胶，凝胶转变温度越低，凝胶-溶胶转变温度越高。当辐照20kGy样品的分子量分布最大，从而改变凝胶的相变温度。     

外源小鼠核酸促电离辐射损伤的同系小鼠肠腺细胞修复的相关基因克隆

为研究克隆外源核酸促电离辐射损伤的小鼠肠腺细胞修复的相关基因。建立BALB／c小鼠电离辐射后给予外源RNA与生理盐水治疗的6、12、24h,4d和8d的模型,收集空肠组织标本后采用消减杂交基础上的LD－PCR技术,获取与受照射小鼠肠腺损伤修复相关的基因克隆,对其进行全自动测序与GeneBank检索,新基因递交给基因库。获取了90个与肠腺修复相关的基因,杂交证实在核酸治疗组与生理盐水治疗组之间呈差异表达,其中18个是新基因,GeneBank接受号为AF240164－240181。获取了90个可能与外源核酸促肠腺修复相关的基因克隆,其中18个是新的相关基因。     

强流脉冲电子束轰击作用下的扩散模型及其数值计算

在温度场和应力场计算的基础上建立了强流脉冲电子束轰击作用下的扩散模型,并给出了数值方法及其数值解。该模型与方法同样适用于其它高能束流作用下的扩散过程。计算表明,浓度扩散流仍然是影响扩散的主要因素;而轰击超过一定次数后,扩散的作用将减弱;当边界条件为表面扩散时,扩散进行较快,这是表面涂覆加脉冲电子束后处理快速表面合金化工艺的理论基础。对实验结果和理论结果的对比分析表明,在脉冲轰击下,扩散激活能随空位浓度的增加而下降,从而加速扩散过程;在表面有熔化的情况下,则液态时的对流混合作用是主导因素。     

分次和慢性γ射线照射对家兔外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的影响

本文报道了用分次和慢性γ射线照射家兔诱发外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的实验研究,探讨了染色体畸变率与累积剂量的关系。实验结果表明,各实验组的畸变类型均以断片这一类单击性畸变为主。染色体型畸变细胞率和总畸变细胞率明显增高的累积剂量对1rad/8h 组分别为50rad 和100rad,对2.5rad/8h 组分别为50rad 和70rad;而对分次照射组则在50rad 剂量点处。各组总畸变细胞率,染色体型畸变细胞率和断片畸变率随累积剂量变化的关系均可拟合成直线回归方程。     

ADP-核糖化对大鼠脾细胞核转录活性的影响及其辐射效应

本实验采用8Gyγ线全身照射成年雄性Wistar大鼠,观察ADP-核糖化对大鼠脾细胞核转录活性的影响。结果表明核糖化对RNA pol(Ⅰ+Ⅲ)、polⅡ的活性均有抑制作用,并且对pol(Ⅰ+Ⅲ)的抑制率高于polⅡ,提示ADP-核糖化是脾细胞核RNA聚合酶,特别是polⅠ活性的影响因素;当核糖化液中加入ADPRT的特异性抑制剂3-AB,核糖化对转录活性的抑制作用消失,这进一步证实了RNA聚合酶活性的减少是由于核糖化所致。结果还表明照后4h内,ADPRT活性降低,然后逐渐恢复,到18h巳完全恢复,表明8Gyγ线照射可抑制ADPRT的活性,并且其辐射效应修复快。     

Interfacial reactions and wetting in Al–Mg/oxide ceramic interpenetrating composites made by a pressureless infiltration technique

The present paper considers the microstructures of Al–Mg/oxide ceramic interpenetrating composites made by a pressureless infiltration technique. The composites were produced using an Al–10 wt.% Mg alloy with two oxide ceramic foams, spinel (MgAl₂O₄) and mullite (Al₆Si₂O₁₃), at 915 °C in a flowing N₂ atmosphere. Full infiltration of the aluminium alloy into the ceramic preform has been achieved with good bonding between the metal and ceramic phases. The composites were characterised by a range of techniques and compared with those for alumina from the literature. It has been found that the metal–ceramic interface of the composite consisted of an oxide layer near the ceramic phase and a nitride layer from Mg₃N₂ to AlN near the metal phase. The improvement of Al wetting and adhesion on the oxide ceramics by the addition of Mg and in the presence of N₂ was studied by a sessile drop technique to clarify which compound that formed at the interface contributed to the spontaneous infiltration.     

An investigation on the fracturing behavior of bulk metallic glass with large plasticity

A bulk metallic glass (BMG) with large plasticity was prepared and its fracturing behavior was observed at a strain rate larger than ∼ 10^− 3 s^− 1 under uniaxial compression. Even in this strain rate condition, the BMG still exhibits an excellent plastic deformability. The BMG exhibits a large elastic limitation of about 2.43% for engineering strain and 2.46% for true strain. The engineering and true plastic strains are 3.05% and 3.18%, respectively, and the maximum compressive strength is 1810 MPa. High dense shear bands appear in the outer surfaces of the failed BMG, of which the fracture surface exhibits melting and subsequently tearing-up signs with low vein height and small droplet, orientating significantly. The fracture angle is about 54°, deviating from the theoretical fracture angle by 9°. These may be related to the unique performance characteristics and the micro-structure of the BMG.