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排序方式: 共有552条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
燕善敏 《徐州工程学院学报》2003,(6)
行政法学的研究应该尽量放宽视角,适应将来法治建设的需要。我们必须把行政行为的概念放到整个法治体系中甚至整个社会的发展中去研究。 相似文献
2.
Environmental contaminants such as trace elements may be present in all foods. Foods, raw materials and ingredients for food production are to an increasing extent traded across borders. Hence, there is a need for international legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food. In 1961, the FAO and WHO established the Codex Alimentarius to elaborate international food legislation. Contaminants in food are handled by the Codex Committee for Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC). The Codex Alimentarius system for developing legislation concerning trace elements as contaminants in food is based upon the Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (GSCTF). By October 2001, the principles for setting maximum limits (MLs) for contaminants in food are agreed, and work is in progress on MLs for trace elements such as lead and cadmium in the various food categories. The status for the proposals is presented and discussed. The EU Regulation 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 sets MLs for lead and cadmium in various foods. This regulation will apply from 5 April 2002. The EU regulation is more detailed but similar to the Codex draft standards for lead and cadmium in food. In future, legislators and administrators in the Codex and EU and analytical chemists will discuss how to use more and better analytical data as risk-management tools to protect public health. Trace elements' speciation is an important aspect of this discussion. 相似文献
3.
M. S. Han S. R. Hahn H. C. Kwon Y. Bin T. W. Kang J. H. Leem Y. B. Hou H. C. Jeon J. K. Hyun Y. T. Jeoung H. K. Kim J. M. Kim T. W. Kim 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(6):680-683
Double-crystal x-ray rocking curve (DCRC) and secondary-ion mass-spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements have been performed to investigate the effect of rapid thermal annealing on the interdiffusion behavior of Hg in HgTe/CdTe superlattices grown on Cd0.96Zn0.04Te (211)B substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The sharp satellite peaks of the DCRC measurements on a 100-period HgTe/CdTe (100Å/100Å) superlattice show a periodic arrangement of the superlattice with high-quality interfaces. The negative direction of the entropy change obtained from the diffusion coefficients as a function of the reciprocal of the temperature after RTA indicates that the Hg diffusion for the annealed HgTe/CdTe superlattice is caused by an interstitial mechanism. The Cd and the Hg concentration profiles near the annealed HgTe/CdTe superlattice interfaces, as measured by SIMS, show a nonlinear behavior for Hg, originating from the interstitial diffusion mechanism of the Hg composition. These results indicate that a nonlinear interdiffusion behavior is dominant for HgTe/CdTe superlattices annealed at 190°C and that the rectangular shape of HgTe/CdTe superlattices may change to a parabolic shape because of the intermixing of Hg and Cd due to the thermal treatment. 相似文献
4.
Fe-30Ni alloy specimens were oxidized for 10–240 min at 433–473 K in pure oxygen at a pressure of 1.33×104 Pa. The thickness of oxide films was measured by a multiple-angle-of-incidence ellipsometer. The kinetics of film growth were found to obey a parabolic rate law. The depth-profiling of oxidized surfaces, performed with simultaneous use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and argon-ion sputter-etching technique, reveals that iron component is selectively oxidized and an iron-depeletion zone is formed in the underlying alloy. The thickness of the iron depletion zone increases with increasing oxidation time or oxidation temperature. During surface oxidation of the alloy, the transport rate of iron component in the film is almost equal to the interdiffusion rate in the underlying alloy, indicating the establishment of a steady state. The values of the interdiffusion coefficient,
, of the underlying alloy estimated from the depth-composition profiles are more than 10 orders of magnitude as large as the values extrapolated from the lattice diffusion data of the corresponding alloy obtained at high temperature. The enormously large values of
may be explained in terms of the vacancy (monovacancy or divacancy)-enhanced lattice diffusion mechanism. 相似文献
5.
6.
Saziye Ugur Ayse Alemdar Önder Pekcan 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):565-575
This study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene
(PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles
and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature
(t3) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film improved considerably. Scattered light (Is) and fluorescence intensity (Ip) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite
films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, Itr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite films. Minimum
film formation temperature, Tq, and healing temperatures, Th, were determined. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It
was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films. 相似文献
7.
城市道路景观设计研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从城市道路景观的功能出发,分析了道路与景观的相互作用、道路景观的组成要素、道路景观设计的原则及道路景观设计的主要内容,从而引导道路设计者明确功能与景观并重、共性与个性共存、景观规划设计与道路规划设计同步进行的设计理念。 相似文献
8.
浅谈超高压注水安全管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实际生产中,有必要对超高压注水进行管理。对超高压注水工艺进行风险评估,设计和施工分别参照《火力发电厂汽水管道零件及部件典型设计(2000版)》和GB/T12459-2005《钢制对焊无缝管件》执行。日常管理应建立健全各类操作作业指导书、超高压注水泵保养制度、巡回检查制度等各项规章制度,同时对安全阀、设备设施接地电阻、压力表、温度计等,进行强制定期检测。对超高压管线、管件参照《特种设备安全监察条例》每年检测一次壁厚的安全管理方法。 相似文献
9.
添加微量稀土元素改善矿用硬质合金性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
此文研究了添加微量稀土元素对矿用硬质含金性能的影响。研究表明,添加一定量一定形态的稀土元素,能提高矿用硬质合会使用寿命,提高合金抗奇强度和抗冲击动性,增加合会的热塑性和高温强韧性,而对硬度、密度、磁力没有多大影响。 相似文献
10.
在事件信息的抽取中,事件要素的提取是一个难点。现有的事件要素抽取主要是基于机器学习的方法,这类方法容易受到语料稀疏性的影响。该文提出一种基于事件本体的事件要素提取方法,该方法将事件要素推理分为两步: 一、通过事件要素词和事件指示词的位置关系来初步填充要素值,并将得出的置信度较高的事件作为种子事件;二、利用第一步得出的种子事件,查询事件本体中的事件类约束和基于事件非分类关系的推理规则,并对要素进行推理,进一步对事件要素进行填充和修正。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地提升事件要素提取的准确度。 相似文献