Formalizing interoperability for test case generation purpose

This study deals with interoperability testing of protocol implementations. The objective is to define a method for automatic test derivation based on formal definitions. First, the notion of interoperability criteria is introduced. They formally describes the conditions that two implementations must verify in order to be considered interoperable. Then, based on the equivalence of two of the defined interoperability criteria, we propose a method to derive automatically interoperability test cases that avoids the state-space explosion problem.     

Metamodeling live sequence charts for code generation

This article presents a metamodeling study for Live Sequence Charts (LSCs) and Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) with an emphasis on code generation. The article discusses specifically the following points: the approach to building a metamodel for MSCs and LSCs, a metamodel extension from MSC to LSC, support for model-based code generation, and finally action model and domain-specific data model integration. The metamodel is formulated in metaGME, the metamodel language for the Generic Modeling Environment.

基于派生文法的日—蒙动词短语机器翻译研究

本文探索了源语为日语,目标语为蒙古语的动词短语机器翻译系统的实现方式。基于主张日语不活用的派生文法,重新分析日语附加成分。将日语的词干和附加成分转换到蒙古语的词干和附加成分之后,运用蒙古语的语音规则来处理并生成动词短语。在此基础上试做了日—蒙动词短语机器翻译系统。对30篇日文报道的403个动词短语进行测试,取得了95.78% 的正确率。     

基于搜索的面向路径字符串测试数据自动生成方法

针对字符串测试数据自动生成,讨论了字符串间的距离,将不满足路径条件的字符串谓词表示成一个实值目标函数;利用快速下降搜索算法实施目标函数极小化,实现了基于搜索的面向路径字符串测试数据自动生成方法;探讨了其测试数据生成效率与初始输入、路径处理顺序之间的关系,并与遗传算法等几种算法进行了比较．实验结果表明：该方法是一种更经济有效的测试数据生成方法．     

Optical third-harmonic investigations of gallium nitride nucleation layers on sapphire

The magnitude of the χ _xxxx ⁽³⁾ element of the third-order optical susceptibility was measured in a series of wurtzite phase GaN nucleation layers (～450Å) deposited on (00.1) sapphire at 540°C and annealed to various temperatures up to 1050°C. The nonlinear optical response exhibited a significant increase in films that were annealed to temperatures in the range of 1015 to 1050°C. In addition, the correlation between the magnitude of χ _xxxx ⁽³⁾ with both the maximum value of the linear absorbance gradient and the residual homogeneous strain in the overlayer suggests that variations in the crystalline content of the film and the bonding distance between the Ga and N atoms are primary factors in determining the third-order nonlinearity in GaN.     

Characterization of laser hardened steels by laser induced ultrasonic surface waves

Ultrasonic surface waves are suitable for the characterization of surface hardened materials. This is shown on laser hardened turbine blades. The martensitic microstructure within the surface layer of surface hardened steels has a lower surface wave propagation velocity than the annealed or normalized substrate material. Because the propagation velocity depends on the ratio of layer thickness to wavelengthd/, its measurement allows the determination of the hardening depth. If the surface wave frequency is high enough, the surface wave propagates mainly within the hardened layer. A correlation of the surface wave velocity to the surface hardness has been found. Because the variation of the surface velocity in hardened steels is small, a high measurement accuracy is necessary to obtain the interesting hardening parameters with sufficient certainty. Therefore, a measuring arrangement has been developed where laser pulses, guided by optical fibers to the surface hardened structure, generate simultaneously surface wave pulses at two different positions. The two ultrasonic pulses are received by a piezoelectric transducer. The surface wave velocity is obtained from the time delay between these pulses which is determined by the cross-correlation method. To evaluate simultaneously surface waves with different penetration depths from the same signal acquisition, digital filtering has been used in connection with the cross-correlation.     

Improving robustness of industrial object detection by automatic generation of synthetic images from CAD models

Object detection (OD) is used for visual quality control in factories. Images that compose training datasets are often collected directly from the production line and labeled with bounding boxes manually. Such data represent well the inference context but might lack diversity, implying a risk of overfitting. To address this issue, we propose a dataset construction method based on an automated pipeline, which receives a CAD model of an object and returns a set of realistic synthetic labeled images (code publicly available). Our approach can be easily used by non-expert users and is relevant for industrial applications, where CAD models are widely available. We performed experiments to compare the use of datasets obtained by the two different ways—collecting and labeling real images or applying the proposed automated pipeline—in the classification of five different industrial parts. To ensure that both approaches can be used without deep learning expertise, all training parameters were kept fixed during these experiments. In our results, both methods were successful for some objects but failed for others. However, we have shown that the combined use of real and synthetic images led to better results. This finding has the potential to make industrial OD models more robust to poor data collection and labeling errors, without increasing the difficulty of the training process.     

Small Changes,Big Impact: Tungsten Bronzes with Extremely Large Second Harmonic Generation Achieved by the Transition Metal Doping on the B-Site

Two novel transition metal-doped tungsten bronze oxides, Pb_2.15Li_0.85Nb_4.85Ti_0.15O₁₅ (PLNT) and Pb_2.15Li_0.55Nb_4.85W_0.15O₁₅ (PLNW), are synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The Rietveld method using the high-resolution synchrotron radiation indicates that PLNT and PLNW crystallize in the orthorhombic polar noncentrosymmetric space group, Pmn2₁ (no. 31). As a class of tungsten bronze oxide, PLNT and PLNW retain a unique rigid framework composed of d⁰ transition metal cation (Ti⁴⁺ or W⁶⁺)-doped highly distorted NbO₆ octahedra along with the subsequently generated Pb/LiO₁₂ and PbO₁₅ polyhedra. Interestingly, the d⁰ transition metal-doped tungsten bronzes, PLNT and PLNW, exhibit extremely large second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses of 56 and 67 × KH₂PO₄, respectively. The observed immeasurably strong SHG is mainly attributed to a net polarization originating from the alignment of highly distorted NbO₆ octahedra with doped transition metals in the frameworks. It is believed that doping transition metal cations at the B-site of the tungsten bronze structures should be an innovative strategy to develop novel high-performance nonlinear optical materials.     

结合半监督聚类的地质图像多条件生成方法

近年来深度学习技术在地质学的应用越来越广泛.地质学科中的一个重要课题是根据稀疏的空间观测数据建立合理的地下模型.最近的工作通过条件生成对抗网络来探索条件化地质建模,产生了逼真且符合空间观测数据的地质图像.然而,多数方法只关注将空间观测数据作为硬条件,忽视了对生成图像中地质属性的调节.本文引入地质属性标签调节地质图像中具体的地质属性表现,将表征地质属性类别的标签数据作为生成条件之一,扩展一个属性分类器与该标签配合,从而实现更可控的图像生成.针对属性标签的人工标注成本大的问题,本文采用半监督聚类利用少量的标注数据为无标签数据自动分配标签.此外,聚类可能产生噪声标签影响建模结果,此方法使用对称交叉熵损失改进分类网络以提高网络对于噪声标签的鲁棒性.本文在黄河地区的河流地质数据集上进行大量实验,结果表明所提出的方法对于不同的属性标签生成了地质模式不同且符合空间观测数据的逼真地质图像,证明了本方法的有效性.