New challenges in the field of spatial planning: landscapes

The European Landscape Convention (ELC) highlights the landscape as an holistic concept, which is important for individual and social well being and for quality of life. Landscape questions tend today to fall between the responsibilities of different sectors of society. The implications of the Convention for giving ‘landscape’ a higher status in spatial planning are discussed. Important challenges for planning that need to be focused from a landscape approach are discussed: the growing urbanization; the development and new roles of the urban fringe areas; new infrastructure landscapes; the mental landscapes of tomorrow; an holistic approach to landscape ecological planning and environmental policies and the need for co‐ordination of European planning issues that concern landscapes. Planning for good landscape qualities is not a new issue; many landscape architects and landscape planners have worked in the spirit of the ELC for decades. The importance of educating landscape architects and planners with an holistic approach is particularly addressed. Efforts for a more integrated landscape education, such as the European network LE:NOTRE, already exist and contribute to the implementation of the ELC.     

Evaluating Landscape for Shared Values: Tools,Principles, and Methods

The aim of the paper is to discuss the need for innovation in the landscape policies that were proclaimed by the European Landscape Convention (ELC), which promotes a change from policies stressing conservation to policies stressing a management approach to planning new landscapes. This change focuses on the need to define a new methodological approach to evaluate and promote landscape values as well as to define a process leading to shared values in reference to landscape. This article begins its research with the recent implementation of the ELC in some European Countries. On this basis, it presents an alternative definition of landscape, discusses the role of landscape evaluation, and identifies the different types of values involved in landscape.     

Folly Variations: The Time-Specific Architecture of Mass Studies

Minsuk Cho , founder of Seoul-based Mass Studies, describes the shifting environment of practice: a world in which curators and clients are already anticipating the way that future architecture will take on a new level of interactivity, responding to personal communication devices. There is a bittersweet flavour to these accounts of projects commissioned by curators that seek to maximise the interactions between the public and the making of pavilions. The irony is sharpened by the urban context of Seoul, a densely populated city in which individuals seek to excise themselves from the relentless interactions of everyday living.     

会展经济下大型会展设施的前期策划与设计——以武汉东湖论坛概念规划为例

会展经济对城市的发展具有极大的推动作用,由于大型会展设施投资多、占地广、对城市影响深远,故其选址和定位极其重要.武汉东湖论坛的选址紧邻中国最大的城内湖东湖,论坛的定位为"集会议展览、休闲娱乐、度假居住于一体的现代化国际性综合会议中心",以"碧水三城"为设计理念.     

Rapports annuels.

Presents annual reports (1985) from the Canadian Psychological Association, including reports from the Constitution and By-Laws Committee; the Continuing Education Committee; the Convention Committee; the Elections Committee; the Committee on Ethics; the Committee on Fellows and Honorary President; the International Relations Committee; the Nominating Committee; the Professional Affairs Committee; the Publications Committee; the Scientific Affairs Committee; the Committee on Sections; and the Committee on the Status of Women. Sections reports are also provided, including reports from the sections on Brain and Behaviour; Community Psychology; Educational Psychology; Health Psychology; Industrial/Organizational Psychology; Programme Evaluation; Psychology and Religion; Psychopharmacology; Social Psychology; and Women and Psychology. The sections reports are followed by division reports, including reports from the Applied Division and the Experimental Division. Journal reports are then presented, including reports from Canadian Psychology; Canadian Journal of Psychology; and Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

《烟草控制框架公约》研究Ⅰ.历史回顾、制定过程和主要目的

章对“吸烟与健康”的早期研究、世界卫生组织烟草控制的历史、《烟草控制框架公约》的制定过程进行了简要回顾，并对世界卫生组织制定《公约》的主要目的进行了分析，为烟草业全面研究分析其可能产生的影响，探讨在未来履行公约具体义务的前提下，烟草业可采取的有关措施提供背景资料和相关依据。     

Structural Emergence: Architectural and Structural Design Collaboration at SOM

At Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) there is a strong culture of collaboration between architects and engineers, and innovation in computational technologies - the firm fervently embraced the computer over 50 years ago. Here a cross-disciplinary team from SOM, architects Keith Besserud and Neil Katz and structural engineer Alessandro Beghini , describe their current work on FE algorithms and how this has informed recent projects.     

《烟草控制框架公约》实施指南没有法律约束力的法理分析

《烟草控制框架公约》缔约方会议迄今已通过公约下七个条款的实施指南.公约实施指南是否具有法律约束力,社会各界存在模糊认识.本文拟从条约内涵角度,结合实施指南的特征,综合分析论证公约实施指南不是条约,没有法律约束力.     

Impacts and implications of implementing voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in major countries and Korea

This study analyses the pledges submitted by Korea and other major parties to the UNFCCC secretariat as part of the Copenhagen Accord, using the global CGE model. The analysis shows that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the developed countries decrease by up to 14.0% by 2020 compared to the 1990 level. These results show the need to raise the targets amongst developed countries in order to reach to the reduction levels (25–40%) recommended by the IPCC to meet 450 ppm CO₂ eq. On the other hand, the full implementation of those pledges of Annex I and non-Annex I countries was found to contribute to the decrease of the global GHG emissions by about 15.9% compared to Business as Usual (BaU). Such results imply the need for developed countries to step up their reduction targets, as well as for developing ones to participate comprehensively and to reduce GHG emissions at a considerable level in order to enhance the environmental effectiveness of the Post-Kyoto framework hereafter. Meanwhile, it is analyzed that the implementation of voluntary target among major countries would reduce the global real GDP by 1.2%, and in the case of Korea, the real GDP was projected to diminish by 1.5%.