Markovian Analysis of Adaptive Reconstructive Multiparameter τ-Openings

A classical single-parameter -opening is a union of openings in which each structuring element is scaled by the same parameter. Multiparameter binary -openings generalize the model in two ways: first, parameters for each opening are individually defined; second, a structuring element can be parameterized relative to its overall shape, not merely sized. The reconstructive filter corresponding to an opening is defined by fully passing any grain (connected component) that is not fully eliminated by the opening and deleting all other grains. Adaptive design results from treating the parameter vector of a reconstructive multiparameter -opening as the state space of a Markov chain. Signal and noise are modeled as unions of randomly parameterized and randomly translated primary grains, and the parameter vector is transitioned depending on whether an observed grain is correctly or incorrectly passed. Various adaptive models are considered, transition probabilities are discussed, the state-probability increment equations are deduced from the appropriate Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, and convergence of the adaptation is characterized by the steady-state distribution relating to the Markov chain.     

相容剂对PP／MBS体系形态的影响

研究了马来酸酐(MAH)-聚丙烯(PP)接枝共聚物(PP-g-MAH)对聚丙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)共混物形态的影响。结果表明,接枝共聚物改善了PP/MBS的相容性,使MBS在PP中形成了对韧性有利的较小且均匀的颗粒,并提高了两相界面间的粘结力。     

Semi-automated measurement of true chord length distributions and moments by video microscopy and image analysis

The distribution of the lengths of airspace chords in pulmonary parenchyma characterizes many architectural features of the alveoli and alveolar ducts. Laborious to obtain manually, the distributions and density functions may be acquired semi-automatically by video microscopy, digitization and image processing. The accuracy of the estimation is influenced by the microscopical methods and also by the techniques used (i) to convert the digitized grey-scale picture to a two-valued image, (ii) to collect the chord lengths and (iii) to compensate for finite field widths. The last problem arises because some chords are completely visible within a field while others are only partially seen, since one of the two air-tissue boundaries lies outside the field of view. This error systematically biases the observed distribution. This paper contains solutions to hardware, software and analytic problems encountered while developing the capability to measure airspace chord length density functions semi-automatically. Formulas for estimating the true chord length density function from samples of observed chord lengths are presented. Also given are formulas for the estimation of the first and second moments of the true chord length distribution from the means of observed chord lengths. These techniques of image preparation and analysis should be suitable for characterizing particle, grain or cell size distributions, especially where many profiles fall partially outside the field of view.     

Soft Morphological Filtering Using a Fuzzy Model and its Application to Colour Image Processing

Abstract Soft morphological filters form a class of filters with many desirable properties. They were introduced to improve the behaviour of standard morphological filters in detail preservation and noise elimination. In this paper, a framework for soft morphological colour image processing using a fuzzy model is introduced. This extends the standard colour morphological operators in the same way that soft greyscale morphology extends the standard greyscale morphology theory. The primary and secondary operations of the new soft morphological approach are defined. The proposed operators are less sensitive to image distortion and to small variations in the shape of the objects, and perform significantly better in impulse noise removal problems, compared to standard morphological operators. Experimental results of the application to real colour images demonstrate these advantageous characteristics of the new operators. Additionally, illustrative examples that exhibit the applicability of the proposed methodology to edge detection problems are also included.An erratum to this article can be found at     

微合金钢磁场处理后的珠光体形貌

用磁场处理微合金钢的过程中,由于磁场对形核驱动力的作用,外加磁场不仅影响铁素体的转变温度,也影响珠光体的转变温度。外加磁场改变了渗碳体片层的分叉形成过程,随磁通密度的增加,珠光体晶粒内部的渗碳体片层趋向于平行排列。     

Surface morphology effects of post-implantation annealing in thin amorphous films of the As-Se system

The effects of ion implantation and subsequent annealing on the surface morphology of thin amorphous chalcogenide films of the As-Se system have been studied. Ion implantation of nitrogen (N⁺) with an energy E=100 keV and high doses (typically D=1.10¹⁶ cm⁻²) has been carried out at room temperature. Subsequent thermal annealing treatments near the melting temperature (T_g∼160°C) have been performed leading to changes in the thin-film morphology, which are dependent on the As content and are best expressed for the As₃Se₂ films. Optical microscope photographs reveal details of the rippled surface exhibiting quasi-regular domain-like structure. The parameter λ, describing it, is dependent on the film thickness and grows with its increase. Thermal annealing near T_g also influences the diffuse optical reflectivity—it increases considerably while the interference features tend to disappear with the appearance of the rippled film surface structure and the effect is again greater for the thicker films.     

Effect of pH on the precipitation of hydroxyapatite on silica gels

Silica-HAp composites have been produced with particle size ranging from several nm to few μm, through control of the pH of the solution, which also controls morphology. A calcium ions reservoir has been made available as a Ca/EDTA soluble complex allowing the production of HAp at low temperature and short periods of time (hours). The presence of silica seems to promote the formation of HAp under these conditions. Electronic Publication     

高硅铝合金中初晶硅形态控制研究进展

初晶硅形态对高硅铝合金性能具有重要影响,其形核长大机制、形态演化机制是高硅铝合金的主要研究内容之一;尽管已有诸如变质剂处理、半固态搅拌、快速凝固、电脉冲处理等可改善初晶硅形貌的方法,但目前要完全实现控制初晶硅形态并使之球化,使用现有工艺较为困难.综述了目前主要的控制初晶硅形态的方法、研究现状及其控制机制,并对其未来的研究方向提出了一些建议.     

离子束溅射与射频溅射制备的ZnO薄膜的特性分析

分别采用两种不同的方法制备了ZnO薄膜.①离子束溅射法(IBD),在Si(001)衬底上制备锌膜后在氧气氛炉中退火;②射频溅射法(RF),在Si(001)衬底上制备ZnO薄膜后在氧气氛炉中退火.利用X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜(AFM)以及电感、电容、电阻综合测试仪(LCR)对两种方法制备的ZnO薄膜的结构、形貌和导电性进行了比较研究.结果表明,离子束溅射的锌膜经热氧化后得到的ZnO薄膜生长的单向性较差,表面粗糙度较大,薄膜的电阻率也比较高.     

黑版地形图道路提取算法的研究

地图道路的提取及道路网的生成是电子导航、城市规划、电力、通讯等应用的关键.论文基于数学形态学与节点分析的要素提取算法,通过对地形图进行预处理和道路节点的判断,实现了二值化地形图道路的提取.在分析最短路径问题对道路信息需求的基础上,进行了道路网拓扑结构的构建.通过原型系统的实验证明,上述算法有效可行.