Quality of manual data collection in Java software: an empirical investigation

Data collection, both automatic and manual, lies at the heart of all empirical studies. The quality of data collected from software informs decisions on maintenance, testing and wider issues such as the need for system re-engineering. While of the two types stated, automatic data collection is preferable, there are numerous occasions when manual data collection is unavoidable. Yet, very little evidence exists to assess the error-proneness of the latter. Herein, we investigate the extent to which manual data collection for Java software compared with its automatic counterpart for the same data. We investigate three hypotheses relating to the difference between automated and manual data collection. Five Java systems were used to support our investigation. Results showed that, as expected, manual data collection was error-prone, but nowhere near the extent we had initially envisaged. Key indicators of mistakes in manual data collection were found to be poor developer coding style, poor adherence to sound OO coding principles, and the existence of relatively large classes in some systems. Some interesting results were found relating to the collection of public class features and the types of error made during manual data collection. The study thus offers an insight into some of the typical problems associated with collecting data manually; more significantly, it highlights the problems that poorly written systems have on the quality of visually extracted data.     

基于LVQ网络在轴承座松动故障诊断中的应用

把汽轮机轴承座松动的相关频段上不同频率谱的谱峰能量值作为故障信号的训练样本输入到LVQ网络中去，并由LVQ网络产生训练后不同的权重向量。由于竞争层神经元的权重分布不同，则权重分布图也不同，可根据不同的权重分布图来确认和诊断汽轮机轴承座松动故障的不同程度。     

焦粉四辊破碎机高硬度辊皮切削的新工艺

分析了高硬度辊皮的磨损情况；改进了辊皮的切削方案；满足了生产需求并提高了作业率。     

多功能复合化学剂在蒸汽吞吐中的应用

辽河油田稠油热采以蒸汽吞吐开采为主,随着注汽轮次的不断增加、生产过程中各种工艺措施的不断介入,油藏受热水及其它侵入介质的影响,综合含水逐步上升,油层近井地带污染日益严重,直接影响了采收率,限制了稠油的高效开发.从油藏地质条件变化和伤害机理入手,开发研制出注蒸汽化学辅助技术--多功能复合化学剂.室内试验和现场应用表明,该技术能有效降低原油粘度、疏通油层、降低油水界面张力、改善稠油流动性、增加油层能量、提高采收率,从根本上改善稠油热采效果.     

单家寺油田单6东超稠油开采配套工艺技术

在单家寺油田单6东超稠油油藏地质特征和渗流特点研究的基础上，成功研制了亚临界湿蒸汽发生器。通过超稠油油层保护、化学物理方法辅助蒸汽吞吐、高饱和预充填复合防砂、注汽—采油—井筒电加热一体化举升、动态监测和地面集输六项配套工艺的研究及应用，实现了开采超稠油油藏的技术突破。     

郑411块超稠油试油试采工艺技术应用

郑411块沙三段地层疏松出砂、原油粘度高，属中深层超稠油，常规试油试采方法难以突破出油关，采用APR全通径氮气垫测试、地层与井筒复合防砂、水平井配合直井蒸汽吞吐、氮气泡沫封堵调剖和井筒加热举升稠油等配套工艺技术，取得了较好的效果，为中深层超稠油油藏的开发提供了技术思路。     

管道防腐层的失效及对策

介绍了管道防腐层失效的原因和方式。指出水和氧气是防腐层失效的原因,含水量和含氧量决定腐蚀程度,应采取有效措施对防腐层进行及时检查与修复。     

T(x) phase diagram of the Cu2Se-Al2Se3 system

Twenty alloys of various compositions in the Cu₂Se-Al₂Se₃ system were prepared and investigated. The T(x) phase diagram of the Cu₂Se-Al₂Se₃ system was obtained from x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and microstructure investigation for the first time. The homogeneity region of the CuAlSe₂ semiconducting compound was established. Previous articles by this author were presented with the spelling of his name as B.V. Korzun.     

定向凝固空心叶片制壳工艺的改进

分析了在先进发动机定向凝固空心叶片熔模精密铸造生产中出现两种缺陷的性质和产生原因，从壳型制造工艺方面提出了改进措施，提高了叶片合格率。     

Lifetime and ageing management of nuclear power plants: A brief overview of some light water reactor component ageing degradation problems and ways of mitigation

The susceptibility and tendency for nuclear power plant (NPP) components to undergo changes in their mechanical and physical properties in the course of the NPP lifetime is generally termed as “ageing”. The light water reactor (LWR) nuclear environment is not a begnign one; it is characterized not only by fast neutrons, which can degrade metallic structures, but also relatively high temperatures of coolant water (around 300°C) which may contain impurities (e.g. sulphate, chloride, peroxides) which can cause corrosion. The hydrodynamical conditions of the coolant in steam generators, for example, can cause thermal fatigue, erosion and corrosion; suspended particulate matter can accelerate erosion processes which can lead to wall thinning and lowering of safety margins. Ageing is, therefore, a very complex mixture of factors concerned with materials, temperatures, times of exposure to environments which vary with time and with respect to chemical composition and flow charactertistics.

The paper describes a few ageing phenomena which can be considered important due to their impact on nuclear safety issues; their influence on economic aspects (availability) of NPP is outlined. Mitigation measures for NPP component ageing problems are given together with recommendations for addressing such issues in NPP now and in the future.