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31.
风扇磨煤机ZGMn13冲击板的失效分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
ZGMn13冲击板的失效方式为不同角度的粒子撞击和冲刷,其表面可以分为三个典型的磨损区域:低角度撞击区、高角度撞击区和冲刷区。详细分析了该三个磨损区域的磨损机理。次表面分析的结果表明,在低负度撞击和冲刷条件下,高锰钢未能充分加工硬化,耐磨性提高有限。 相似文献
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The failure of the conductor of the 460 kV overhead transmission line located along the crossing of the Paraná River was investigated. As a result of this failure, a blackout took place in the southern states of Brazil in January of 2002, reaching approximately 67 million inhabitants. Investigation of the external aluminium layer of the ACSR conductor near the fracture showed typical static deformation marks and dynamic fretting wear tangential marks, both associated with the presence of Al2O3 debris. Additionally, encrusted silicon particles were observed on the external surface of the strands. The internal Al layer showed elliptical deformation marks also associated with Al2O3 debris. Both Al2O3 and Si particles are efficient abrasive material, which associated with slight relative motion of metallic surfaces (clamp/strand and strand/strand) can promote fretting wear. Two types of fracture surface of the Al strands were identified: 45° and quasi-normal surfaces, the former being the predominant type. Delamination and particle detachment were the mechanisms of superficial degradation observed on the Al strands, indicating that the rupture of the strands occurred under a gross slip fretting regime induced by sub-conductor oscillation. Inspection of the internal surface of as-cast Al–10%Si spacer clamps revealed different stages of intense circumferential wear caused by the preferential cracking and particle detachment of the eutectic constituent of the as-cast microstructure. This intense wear reduces the clamping contact pressure, which allows higher displacement amplitude and leads to the critical fretting regime. Finally, a few suggestions are discussed to minimise the occurrence of future failures. 相似文献
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35.
蒸汽是石油化工装置中最重要的物料。随着石油化工工业的迅猛发展 ,蒸汽在其中扮演着越来越重要的多重角色。因此 ,对蒸汽系统的平稳控制 ,对石油化工生产装置平稳、高效地运行是至关重要的。传统的蒸汽减压站自控系统基建投资大 ,紧急情况下靠人工手动操作稳定蒸汽压力系统 ,往往造成生产的波动或大面积的停车。针对传统蒸汽减压站自控系统的弱点 ,提出蒸汽减压站自控系统的优化设计方案 ,该方案得以在大型生产装置成功应用。新方案不但节省了大量的基建投资 ,而且取得了良好的生产效益 相似文献
36.
A probabilistic model for cleavage fracture with a length scale--parameter estimation and predictions of stationary crack experiments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study presents a large experimental investigation in the transition temperature region on a modified A508 steel. Tests were carried out on single-edge-notch-bend specimens with three different crack depth over specimen width ratios to capture the strong constraint effect on fracture toughness. Three test temperatures were considered, covering a range of 85 °C. All specimens failed by cleavage fracture prior to ductile tearing. A recently proposed probabilistic model for the cumulative failure by cleavage was applied to the comprehensive sets of experimental data. This modified weakest link model incorporates a length scale, which together with a threshold stress reduce the scatter in predicted toughness distributions as well as introduces a fracture toughness threshold value. Model parameters were estimated by a robust procedure, which is crucial in applications of probabilistic models to real structures. The conformity between predicted and experimental toughness distributions, respectively, were notable at all the test temperatures. 相似文献
38.
A model is presented for drying of a single porous particle with superheated steam and humid air. Experimental data for spherical porous ceramic particle reported in the literature were used for the validation of the model. An inversion temperature at which the evaporation rates within superheated steam and humid air are equal was predicted. The effect of thermophysical properties of the particle (permeability 10-14 - 10-17 m2, diameter 3 × 10-3 - 10 × 10-3 m) and operating variables (gas mass flux 0.26 - 0.78 kg m-2 s-1, drying agent temperature 120-200°C) is tested. The inversion temperature is shown to be affected by the thermophysical properties of the porous particle and of the drying agent. 相似文献
39.
俄罗斯减速器涡轮钻具驱动PDC钻头在西西伯利亚油田的成功应用 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
涡轮钻具由前苏联研制出来以后,得到了迅速发展,目前已发展到减速器涡轮钻具阶段。现在,俄罗斯西西伯利亚地区普遍使用减速器涡轮钻具钻井,而减速器涡轮钻具驱动PDC钻头的使用还是空白。采用俄罗斯生产的几种不同型号的减速器涡轮钻具,在西西伯利亚进行了驱动PDC钻头钻井的阶段性试验。试验结果表明,在优选PDC钻头结构的情况下,用减速器涡轮钻具驱动PDC钻头,钻头进尺和机械钻速都较牙轮钻头有显著的提高,经济和社会效益显著。介绍了试验中使用的3种俄罗斯减速器涡轮钻具(TPM-195,TPⅢ-195和TPO3—195)的结构特点和主要技术参数。 相似文献
40.
陈留成 《石油化工安全环保技术》2006,22(4):48-51
对聚丙烯二装置丙烯球罐液位计不锈钢螺栓失效的原因进行了分析,结合锰铬不锈钢(200系列)的性能和国内市场上的现状,分析了锰铬不锈钢在化工生产中应用的风险,提出了应对方法。 相似文献