掺杂六铝酸盐LaMnMxAl11-xO19-δ的制备及高温催化性能

以Triton X-100/正已醇/环己烷组成的反相微乳液为媒介,采用反相微乳-共沉淀法制备系列金属掺杂的六铝酸盐LaMnMxAL11-xO19-δ(M为Ni,Co)催化剂,用BET,XRD进行物性表征,确定最佳焙烧温度,以甲烷燃烧为探针反应考察催化剂的催化活性,以Ni掺杂的六铝酸盐催化剂为对象,研究了反相微乳体系中前驱溶液浓度对催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,1 200℃左右可以形成完整的六铝酸盐晶型,并具有较高的催化性能;金属Co的存在可以促进六铝酸盐晶相的形成,而降低成晶温度;金属Ni可以明显提高催化剂的高温活性.反相微乳液中前驱液离子浓度对催化剂的比表面积、粒径及催化活性有一定影响.     

铝的低价硫化物歧化反应的应用研究

对用低价硫化铝的歧化反应在镀铝膜和富集催化剂中贵金属作了研究。用蒸发源(4Al Al2S3)进行反应蒸发镀膜,系统真空度为5Pa左右,温度为1100℃。所得镀层表面光滑、平整,扩散层厚。镀膜层为Fe3Al及AlFe两相,镀膜时,基体温度应大于800℃。用该种方法富集催化剂中贵金属时,试验表明,在温度1200～1400℃、真空度大于666.7Pa下,反应蒸馏3h,可使氧化铝还原20%左右,贵金属富集1.2倍;相同条件下蒸馏四次,可使贵金属富集1.6倍,收率大于92%,实验中得到表面严重氧化的细小铝颗粒,该问题的解决有待进一步的研究。     

我国空气中氡及其短寿命子体产生的照射

本文收集、分析和研究了我国已发表的空气中氡及其短寿命子体的资料。室外和室内^222Rn浓度按人口加权平均值的典型值分别为14Bq.m^-3和24Bq.m^-3。省市室外平均值最高和最低值相差约12倍，室内相差约6倍。室内和室外最高的都是福建。室外最低的是台湾，室内最低的是吉林。室内钍射气子体引起的照射值得引起注意，其中特别是以泥土为墙体的建筑物，在很多情况下钍射气子体所致年有效剂量高于(有时甚至远高于)氡及其子体所产生的剂量。     

水平浓淡燃烧器出口气固浓淡射流的混合特性研究

水平浓淡燃烧器出口射流在水平方向上分为浓淡两股，浓煤粉射流位于向火侧而淡煤粉射流位于背火侧，以实现稳定着火，防止炉内结渣和高温腐蚀，并起到降低氮氧化物(N0，)排放的作用，但由于浓淡两股煤粉空气射流之间仅有较薄的隔板加以分隔，因此往往存在浓淡煤粉射流是否在出口后不久即发生混合，导致浓淡分离效果丧失的疑虑。该文通过气固两相模化实验，采用基于光学波动法的激光光纤探针对水平浓淡气固两相射流在燃烧器出口外浓淡两股射流的混合特性进行了试验研究，结果表明水平浓淡燃烧器出口气固两相射流的浓淡分离效果能在较长的射程内得以维持，从而保证了浓淡燃烧的优点。     

Ice slurries phase transition thermodynamics: relations for determining concentration–temperature domains of application

Criteria for calculation of the concentration–temperature domain of use of ice slurries are defined, which allows establishing a temperature–concentration chart relating the temperature and the antifreeze mass fraction. It is shown that the shape of the chart depends only on the thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, ice–liquid equilibrium, etc.) of the diluted substance.     

Strength-based optimum signal detection in concentration-encoded pulse-transmitted OOK molecular communication with stochastic ligand-receptor binding

In this paper, a strength-based optimum signal detection scheme for binary concentration-encoded molecular communication (CEMC) system has been presented. In CEMC, a single type of information molecule is assumed to carry the information from the transmitting nanomachine (TN), through the propagation medium, to the receiving nanomachine (RN) in the form of received concentration of information molecules at the location of the RN. We consider a pair of nanomachines communicating by means of on–off keying (OOK) transmission protocol in a three-dimensional ideal (i.e. free) diffusion-based unbounded propagation environment. First, based on stochastic chemical kinetics of the reaction events between ligand molecules and receptors, we develop a mathematical receiver model of strength-based detection scheme for OOK CEMC system. Using an analytical approach, we explain the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the receiver thus developed. Finally, we propose a variable threshold-based detection scheme and explain its communication range and rate dependent characteristics. We show that it provides an improvement in the communication ranges compared to fixed threshold-based detection scheme. (Part of this paper has been peer-reviewed and published in BWCCA-2012 conference in Victoria, BC, 12–14 November, 2012 [20].)     

Critical evaluation of non-linear filter configurations for the state estimation of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

A systematic approach has been attempted to design a non-linear observer to estimate the states of a non-linear system. The neural network based state filtering algorithm proposed by A.G. Parlos et al. has been used to estimate the state variables, concentration and temperature in the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) process. (CSTR) is a typical chemical reactor system with complex nonlinear dynamics characteristics. The variables which characterize the quality of the final product in CSTR are often difficult to measure in real-time and cannot be directly measured using the feedback configuration. In this work, the comparison of the performances of an extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and neural network (NN) based state filter for CSTR that rely solely on concentration estimation of CSTR via measured reactor temperature has been done. The performances of these three filters are analyzed in simulation with Gaussian noise source under various operating conditions and model uncertainties.     

PTA尾气组成及浓度分布的研究

通过典型炼厂PTA装置尾气来源及去向分析,对装置排放点尾气组成及浓度分布进行了研究,采用气相色谱/质谱法研究了PTA尾气组成,采用直接进样大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法,测定了PTA尾气中溴甲烷、乙酸甲酯、苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、乙酸。进样量为1 m L时,方法对溴甲烷、乙酸甲酯、苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、乙酸的最低检出浓度分别为0.5、0.5、0.5、0.5、1.5,20 mg/m~3,加标回收率为95.2%~99.4%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~3.9%。采用总烃测定仪和烟气分析仪对总烃、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧气等进行了分析。同时采用本法对PTA尾气治理设施处理效率进行了评价,证明方法具有较好的适应性。     

Optimization of output and phosphor consumption for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes

Using ray-tracing simulation based on Monte Carlo method, the effects of phosphor concentration and thickness on light output and phosphor consumption of pcwLEDs were investigated in this work. The simulation was improved to comprehensively imitate the whole optical process of pc-wLEDs, including total produce of chip and phosphor light, losses in the propagation, and output.Experiments were conducted to verify the simulation.Results show that, light output changes non-monotonously over phosphor concentration and thickness, having maximum value. Experimental maximum light efficiency of158 lmáW-1was obtained at concentration of 16 wt%, 6 %higher than that of 11 wt% and 17 % higher than that of 33wt%. Phosphor consumption of pc-wLEDs increases linearly with the increase of phosphor concentration and the decrease of thickness. Experimental phosphor consumption of pc-wLEDs with concentration of 11 wt% is only 37 %of that of 33 wt%.