β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑及应用进展

β-环糊精是由7个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-糖苷键键连成环的超分子主体分子，“内疏水、外亲水”的独特结构赋予了其优异的分子识别能力；氧化石墨烯类材料凭借其优良特性成为近几年的研究热点。由β-环糊精和氧化石墨烯构筑的超分子杂化体在兼具二者特有性能的基础上又有新功能的引入。本文综述了β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑方式，按二者间的连接方式，分别为共价键和非共价键两种连接方式，其中通过共价键连接是目前最主要的构筑方式；此外对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的特征和表征进行了简述。同时对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体在水污染处理、电化学检测、药物控释和催化等领域的应用进展进行了综述。最后对该超分子杂化体在构筑和应用上的发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种新型蓄电池充电控制策略研究

在风光互补发电系统中,蓄电池作为风光互补发电系统的储能设备,在整个发电系统中起着非常重要的作用,而蓄电池充电控制方法的优劣,是影响其使用寿命的一个重要因素。文章对风光互补发电系统中蓄电池的常用充电控制方法进行了分析,提出了一种新的控制策略,即将蓄电池充电电压、充电电流采样值分别与蓄电池事先设定好的恒压过充电压、恒流充电限流值和浮充电流值进行实时比较,来判断采取哪种合理的充电方式,对蓄电池起到尽可能的保护,从而延长了风光互补发电系统中蓄电池使用寿命。     

智能混合控制器在转炉干法除尘中的应用

转炉干法除尘蒸发冷却器出口烟气温度大多数采用常规串级控制方式,但转炉冶炼前期控制效果并不理想.对转炉冶炼过程及蒸发冷却器出口烟气温度的控制难点进行研究,找出常规串级控制方式的缺点,并设计出一种智能混合控制器.采用智能模糊控制器和常规控制器并联的控制方式,对蒸发冷却器出口烟气温度进行控制,控制效果理想.实际应用表明,同常规串级控制器相比,智能混合控制器具有响应快、被控对象稳定等优点.     

Hybrid systems in seawater desalination—practical design aspects, present status and development perspectives

Ever since seawater desalination has been applied on an industrial scale, and particular in the countries of the Arabian Gulf, the application of desalination processes in dual-purpose facilities—water and power—as a hybrid configuration has been discussed in many feasibility investigations and also planning concepts. It is above all the combination of reverse osmosis with thermal processes that has found increasing interest with the aim of ensuring, as economically as possible, uniform water supplies under the specific, greatly varying load conditions in the Gulf countries. Such design concepts for hybrid configurations encompass straightforward structures with a low degree of coupling between membrane and thermal desalination processes, but range up to very complex configurations with strong interconnections on both the water side and thermally, as well as with several desalination processes connected in series or in parallel. Classical hybrid concepts in which the permeate from an RO desalination component is mixed with distillate from thermal desalination have already been implemented in Saudi Arabian dual-purpose plants, like Jeddah and Yanbu-Medina. Although hybrid systems of greater complexity have been addressed in many design studies and publications, up to now none has been brought to fruition. Coming into consideration asthe design basis for determining the capacity shares of the various desalination processes operated in a hybrid configuration are: arrangement of thermal cycle of the power plant component; water/power ratio of the dual-purpose seawater desalination and power plant; provision of undiminished water production of the desalination plant as electricity generation varies; provision of a specified drinking water quality with regard to composition and salt content; combination of all these aspects. Also gaining in importance are concerns of environmental pollution and sustainable development when selecting seawater desalination and power plant configurations, as well as their optimization when considering desalination and electricity generation as a whole. In the practical design of hybrid membrane and thermal systems, aspects come to light, though, that restrict linking of the two systems and joint utilization of facilities, as conceived in studies and conceptual design investigations. This applies both for common utilization of intakes and the use of heated up cooling water from thermal processes as a feed stream for the RO part of the desalination process. Additionally, requirements of drinking water composition, particularly chloride content, TDS and compliance with a specific residual content of boron, influence specifically the design of the membrane process part and its share in the total desalination capacity. Such practical aspects have greatly influenced the design and configuration of the Fujairah hybrid plant for which, from a total desalination capacity of 100 MIGD (454,600 m³/d), the share of 37.5 MIGD (170,500 m³/d) makes its seawater RO plant the biggest currently being constructed anywhere in the world. From the findings of the engineering of this plant and the idea that, by increasing interconnection between the two processes on the water side, it is possible to advance a hybrid configuration of this type with regard to cost optimization in the membrane installation, but also by joint utilization of the intake equipment, perspectives result for applied research efforts over the near and long terms, for example: long-term behavior of membranes at elevated temperatures; tendency for biofouling in membrane process with common utilization of cooling water and brine; influences of such interconnections on the overall availability of the facility. But also for the operation and maintenance organization of such large facilities, consequences can be foreseen for the future development of hybrid plants, particularly for operation management and organisation of the interplay of the different power plant and desalination systems, monitoring of SWRO membrane replacement and cleaning, as well as controlling water quality.     

用人工神经网络预测混杂复合材料混杂效应

本研究建立一个二输入单输出的BP人工神经网络模型，并用QBASIC语言编制了相应的软件。利用该神经网络模型对混杂效应与混杂比及分散度系数间关系进行了预测。研究结果表明，网络经过61223次的迭代，预潮值误差为0．12％，具有很高的预测精度，可用于混杂复合材料混杂效应的预测。     

A highly stable and efficient catalyst for direct synthesis of LPG from syngas

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel was directly synthesized from syngas over a hybrid catalyst which contained a methanol synthesis catalyst and zeolite. The new hybrid catalyst composed of (Pd–Ca/SiO₂) and β-zeolite, showed a high activity and selectivity for LPG production. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the catalyst was used to analyze the deactivation of (Pd–Ca/SiO₂)/β-zeolite.     

三乙胺对丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯复合乳液的影响研究

采用原位乳液聚合法，合成聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合乳液。通过粒径分析、黏度测定、力学测试等手段，研究了三乙胺对乳液性能和相行为变化等的影响。实验结果表明：随着中和度提高，乳液外观改善，贮存稳定性提高，吸水率增大，耐水性降低，拉伸剪切强度增大，而断裂伸长率降低，相转变点后延。     

Destabilizing interactions between the partners of a bifunctional fusion protein

Hybrid MalE–GVP is a bifunctional protein in vitro sinceit binds maltose as protein MalE of Escherichia coli and sinceit is dimeric and specifically binds single-stranded DNA asprotein GVP of phage M13. The oxidation rate of a unique cysteineresidue was used to compare the stabilities of GVP in its freeand hybrid forms, under conditions where MalE was either foldedor unfolded by a denaturing agent. The results showed that boththe covalent link and tertiary non-covalent interactions betweenMalE and GVP destabilized GVP in MalE–GVP. To test whetherGVP had identical structures in its free and hybrid forms, mutationswere used as local conformational probes. The effects of thesemutations on the capabilities of MalE–GVP to dimerizeand to bind single-stranded DNA were assayed in vitro. Theywere compatible with the effects of the same mutations on theglobal activity of free GVP in vivo and with the effects thatcould be predicted from the known data on free GVP, in particularits crystal structure. Thus, one partner of a hybrid proteincan be destabilized by the other partner while maintaining itsstructural and functional characteristics.     

混杂方式对CF/UHMWPEF混杂复合材料力学性能的影响

本文通过碳纤维/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维混杂复合材料的力学性能试验及结果比较,分析了三种混杂方式对该类复合材料的力学性能的影响.结果表明,不同混杂方式的碳纤维/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料具有各自的力学特点.