扇贝柱预处理工艺优化及干燥过程中品质变化评价

以栉孔扇贝柱为实验对象对其干燥前预处理工艺进行优化,得出最佳预处理工艺参数组合,对经过优化工艺预处理后的样品在干燥过程中外形、营养成分、流变学特性参数的变化进行评价。结果表明:栉孔扇贝柱干燥前预处理工艺参数组合为:扇贝柱在瓜儿豆胶和黄原胶的复配液中浸渍时间为1 h,复煮时间为1 min。在干燥过程中,工艺优化组扇贝柱样品水分含量变化缓和,扇贝柱干品柱形完好,表面裂纹细且少,不出现凹陷和散柱现象,外形评分较高。与传统预处理工艺相比,优化后的工艺预处理扇贝柱基本成分含量较高,营养成分损失少;流变学特性参数中硬度变化小而弹性、黏聚性和咀嚼性均显示出增长趋势,反映其具有弹性大、硬度小、黏结性好的特点,也说明改良的预处理工艺条件具有可行性。      

传统乳制品来源乳酸菌的发酵特性及其在酸奶中的应用

对从传统乳制品中分离出的4株保加利亚乳杆菌和4株嗜热链球菌发酵特性及应用进行研究。利用脱脂乳进行培养,以发酵时间、风味物质及贮藏过程中的p H、滴定酸度、持水力、粘度变化为指标,研究单菌株的发酵性能。进一步对较优发酵性能菌株复配,考察不同接种比例时酸奶的酸度、粘度、风味、感官等指标,研究其在酸奶中的应用。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌Lb.YNF-5和嗜热链球菌St.GST-6具有良好的发酵性能。通过对此两株菌进一步复配,最终确定当保加利亚乳杆菌（Lb.YNF-5）:嗜热链球菌（St.GST-6）配比为1∶1时,酸奶产品品质最佳,发酵时间为5.8 h,粘度为7186.47 m Pa·s,感官评价得分为76分。本研究综合表明,菌株Lb.YNF-5和St.GST-6具有开发优良酸奶发酵剂的潜在价值。      

复合增稠剂和护色剂对低糖树莓果酱品质影响

以红树莓为原料,采用无籽处理方法,然后以黄原胶和琼脂作为增稠剂,氯化钠和维生素C为护色剂,研究复合增稠剂和护色剂在不同保藏时间下对低糖树莓果酱的质构性质和感官品质影响,并通过响应面实验优化低糖树莓果酱的工艺参数。结果表明:黄原胶和琼脂比例为7∶3(复合增稠剂0.2%)时,新鲜果酱和4℃保藏90 d果酱的硬度和粘聚性无显著性差异,且果酱细腻均匀,组织缓慢流动,无汁液分泌,无板结。氯化钠和维生素C比例为2∶3(复合护色剂0.8%)时,L~*值最大,a~*、b~*值最小,新鲜果酱和4℃保藏90 d果酱色泽无显著性差异,其感官品质最佳。响应面的最优工艺参数:复合增稠剂添加量为0.40%,糖添加量47%,护色剂添加量为1.40%,此时,果酱色泽9.1分,气味9.5分,组织状态19.1分,口感18.8分,果酱品质极佳。复合增稠剂和护色剂对开发低糖果酱具有重要的作用。      

原位生成CeB_6/B_4C陶瓷的力学性能和显微组织

通过B4C、CeO2和C的化学反应,采用原位生成法,在热压烧结的条件下制备了CeB6/B4C陶瓷材料.研究了CeB6/B4C陶瓷材料的力学性能和显微组织,并对其增韧机理进行了分析.结果表明:原位生成的CeB6/B4C陶瓷只有CeB6和B4C两相,其显微维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性最大值分别达到40.64GPa、346.7MPa、5.95MPa·m1/2,比纯碳化硼分别提高了52.50%、17.96%、61.68%.原位生成的CeB6颗粒细晶增韧补强,B4C和CeB6颗粒之间热膨胀系数不匹配产生的残余应力导致的裂纹偏转以及沿晶断裂是CeB6/B4C陶瓷的主要增韧机制.     

新型炭微球的制备及性能研究

采用悬浮缩聚法制得烯丙基COPNA-BMI树脂微球,然后经过炭化处理后得到新型炭微球.采用SEM观察这种树脂微球及炭微球的表面形貌;采用FT-IR分析该树脂微球炭化过程官能团的变化;采用元素分析仪对不同温度下该树脂微球C、H、O、N元素的含量进行测定;采用XRD对炭微球的微晶结构进行分析.研究表明,炭微球到具有很好的球形和表面光洁度,其结构为无定形炭;随着炭化温度的升高,炭微球的C含量逐渐增加,H、O含量明显降低.     

Elemental and mineral characterisation of Coastal Antarctic Aerosols in snow using PIXE and SEM-EDAX

The chemical constituents of snow from a 3 m pit sampled at a coastal Antarctic site were characterised by means of PIXE and SEM-EDAX. Oxygen isotope dating revealed that the pit spanned an 8-year period, from 1986 to 1994. Concentrations measured by PIXE ranged from less than 1 ng g⁻¹ of H₂O for Cu, and Zn to several tens of ng g⁻¹ for Si, S and Cl. The major elements found were Si, S, Al, and Na, which contributed more than 75% of the element loading. Snow layers with elevated Cl concentration were regularly found along the pit. The mineralogy of the insoluble particles determined by SEM-EDAX analyses showed that quartz, plagioclase and clays were the prevalent minerals. The proportion of each element in the insoluble phase was comparable with that previously found in similar studies.     

Analytical and experimental characterisation of high-precision flexural pivots subjected to lateral loads

This work addresses the parasitic motion of high-precision rotation mechanisms based on flexural pivots subjected to lateral loads. This case has great importance from the mechanical design point of view, since generally flexural pivots support mechanical elements of considerable weight and their rotation is obtained by loading the pivot with a force instead of a pure couple.

From an analytical point of view, the problem is approached by studying the large deflections of an elastic frame. The equilibrium equations are considered and a solution based on the Newton–Raphson method is proposed. This approach is compared with other theoretical approaches. An experimental assessment performed by using laser interferometric techniques is presented. It is shown that the proposed solution allows the influence of lateral loads to be clearly established and proves to be adequate when the most common cases of limited lateral loads and rotations are considered.     

不同截面尺寸Cr8Mo2SiV和Cr12Mo1V1钢的组织与性能

对不同截面尺寸Cr8Mo2SiV和Cr12Mo1V1冷作模具钢的组织,共晶碳化物尺寸及不均匀度,冲击性能进行了研究。结果表明,Cr8Mo2SiV钢和Cr12Mo1V1钢退火组织均为球状珠光体上分布着碳化物;随热轧截面尺寸的增大,碳化物尺寸变大,分布均匀性变差。适当减小试验钢的截面尺寸,能够显著减小共晶碳化物的尺寸并改善其分布不均度,提高材料的冲击性能。     

扫描速度对半导体激光熔覆钴基合金涂层组织与性能的影响

采用2 kW半导体激光器在304不锈钢表面进行同轴送粉的激光熔覆Co基合金试验。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究了不同扫描速度下熔覆层的显微组织和相结构;采用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机和气蚀装置分别测试了不同扫描速度下熔覆层的显微硬度、耐磨性与抗气蚀性能。结果表明,不同激光扫描速度下合金涂层皆无裂纹与气孔,随着扫描速度增加,合金涂层的硬度、耐磨性能与抗气蚀性能则先增强后降低,在激光扫描速度为900 mm/min时,合金涂层具有较好的硬度、耐磨性和抗气蚀性能。