复合型热采堵剂PST的研究

以改性栲胶ＳＴ、阴离子型聚合物ＰＡＫ为主剂，添加铝硅酸钠盐、醛、苯酚及重铬酸钾，通过低温、高温二次交联制得的冻胶型堵剂ＰＳＴ，能耐很高的温度并具有很大的封堵强度，可用于蒸汽吞吐生产井的堵水和注蒸汽井的封窜调剖。本文介绍了ＰＳＴ堵剂的配方、成胶条件、冻胶耐温性和封堵性能以及在滨南地区热采矿６口蒸汽吞吐井和１口注蒸汽井进行现场堵水、封窜试验的结果。     

Shear and flow behavior of pharmaceutical blends — Method comparison study

A method comparison study was undertaken to characterize the effects of the formulation composition on the flow and shear properties of pharmaceutically relevant powders. Fourteen blends with various concentrations of an active ingredient, magnesium stearate as a lubricant and silica as a glidant were prepared. These blends were characterized with two very different techniques: the gravitational displacement rheometer (GDR), and a rotational shear cell. The values of GDR flow index were compared to the values of principal stresses and cohesion obtained with the shear cell. These measurements are different in that the GDR operates in the gravity-driven flow regime while the shear cell utilizes an imposed normal force, which leads to a much more pronounced powder consolidation. In spite of these differences, the study demonstrated a significant correlation between the two methods, although some discrepancies were observed due to differences in the consolidation state for each technique. This observation was confirmed by measuring compressibility of these formulations with the FT4 Powder Rheometer; the presence of a cohesive component influenced the values of the shear cell principal stresses (and therefore, the shear cell flow factor) in a non-linear manner, contributing to the discrepancies in the correlation between the flow factor and the GDR flow index. Conversely, the correlation between the shear cell cohesion parameter and the GDR flow index was significantly better, as both indices test the materials at similar degree of consolidation. The study examined the limits and the ranges of applicability of each technique, offered recommendations on applications, where the use of each method was more reliable, as well as provided reasons for the methods' failure.     

水井复合解堵剂HGA—1的研究与应用

本文介绍了复合解堵剂ＨＧＡ－１的研制和大庆油田采没五厂两口注水井用该剂进行解堵试验的结果，在研制中考察了反应物摩尔比，酸液类型及浓度，反应物浓度，环境温度，起泡剂浓度等对有关性能的影响，ＨＧＡ－１具有放热量大，放气量大，起泡性强，溶垢容量较大的特点，是具有酸化，泡沫洗井，热解堵等复合作用的一种高效水井解堵剂。     

一种新型油基凝胶压裂液及其应用

介绍了一种由有机磷酸酯ＰＥ－９２、偏铝酸钠、醋酸钠、吐哈原油等配成的新型油基凝胶压裂液。考察了增稠剂ＰＥ－９２、交联剂偏铝酸钠、破胶剂醋酸钠的加量对压裂液性能的影响，报导了该油基凝胶压裂液在吐哈油田的矿场应用情况。室内试验及现场应用表明，该压裂液具有携砂能力强、摩阻低、滤失量小、破胶快、易于返排等优点，对水敏性储层损害小，可用于吐哈油田的压裂作业。     

用于无酸值低活性原油油藏的ASP驱油体系

针对原油酸值为零的辽河油田曙光４７１４区块原油，进行了碱／表面活性剂／聚合物（简称ＡＳＰ）复合驱油的研究。从１４种表面活性剂中优选出了两种与ＮａＯＨ＋Ｎａ２ＣＯ３混合碱和聚合物复配的ＡＳＰ体系，可使油／水动态界面张力平衡值降至１０－４ｍＮ／ｍ；还研究了该配方体系与原油的乳化性能、长期稳定性，并作出了活性图；驱油实验结果表明在人造岩心上ＡＳＰ体系可提高采收率２０．６％，在人工充填天然油砂岩心上可提高采收率２６．８％，采出液十几分钟后乳化现象消失，油／水彻底分离，界面清晰。本试验结果表明：对于无酸值低活性原油，ＡＳＰ复合驱也具有较好的潜在应用价值。     

Lower bounds for the mixed capacitated arc routing problem

Capacitated arc routing problems (CARP) arise in distribution or collecting problems where activities are performed by vehicles, with limited capacity, and are continuously distributed along some pre-defined links of a network. The CARP is defined either as an undirected problem or as a directed problem depending on whether the required links are undirected or directed. The mixed capacitated arc routing problem (MCARP) models a more realistic scenario since it considers directed as well as undirected required links in the associated network. We present a compact flow based model for the MCARP. Due to its large number of variables and constraints, we have created an aggregated version of the original model. Although this model is no longer valid, we show that it provides the same linear programming bound than the original model. Different sets of valid inequalities are also derived. The quality of the models is tested on benchmark instances with quite promising results.     

氧化锌压敏电阻器漏电流的控制

氧化锌压敏电阻器漏电流宏观上与电压、温度有关,实质在于电阻体的微观结构。显微观察和X射线衍射分析表明,晶粒大小分布均匀,富铋相广布且其主要组成为γ-Bi_2O_3和α-Bi_2O_3时,其漏电流较低,适当地掺杂如SiO_2,Cr_2O_3,PbO,H_3BO_3,KNO_3等,减低降温速度和烧成后进行热处理,可使漏电流减至最低。     

改性SrTiO_3电容器陶瓷的研究

研究了一种以SrTiO_3为基的电容器陶瓷材料。通过对瓷料配方和制造工艺的改进,得到了在-25～85℃的温度范围内,介电常数ε大于2200,介电常数的温度稳定性较好的瓷料。该瓷料可用于设计制造彩电用中高压电容器。     

Formulations and relaxations for a multi-echelon capacitated location–distribution problem

We consider a multi-echelon location–distribution problem arising from an actual application in fast delivery service. We present and compare two formulations for this problem: an arc-based model and a path-based model. We show that the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the path-based model provides a better bound than the LP relaxation of the arc-based model. We also compare the so-called binary relaxations of the models, which are obtained by relaxing the integrality constraints for the general integer variables, but not for the 0–1 variables. We show that the binary relaxations of the two models always provide the same bound, but that the path-based binary relaxation appears preferable from a computational point of view, since it can be reformulated as an equivalent simple plant location problem (SPLP), for which several efficient algorithms exist. We also show that the LP relaxation of this SPLP reformulation provides a better bound than the LP relaxation of the path-based model.     

适用于大庆油田的天然混合羧酸盐ASP驱油体系

针对酸值为０．１ ｍｇ ＫＯＨ／ｇ 的大庆原油,通过相态研究和界面张力测定进行配方初选,通过稳定性测定进行配方调整,得到了以天然混合羧酸盐ＳＤＣ为表面活性剂的ＡＳＰ三元复合驱油体系：１ ．２％ 复碱（ 质量比１∶１ 的Ｎａ２ＣＯ３ ＋ ＮａＨＣＯ３）＋ ０．６％ ＳＤＣ５＋ ０ ．５％ 植物胶（ 苎麻胶） ＋ ０ ．１６％ ＨＰＡＭ（ ＢＰ７） 。此体系与大庆原油间的最低瞬时界面张力为５ ．９３ ×１０－ ４ ｍＮ／ｍ 。在室内用两种填砂管模型进行驱油实验,得到的采收率为１８ ．８ ％ 和１９．１ ％ （ ＯＯＩＰ）,注入１ ｇ ＳＣＤ５ 驱出原油１３８．３ ｍＬ。