激光对含能材料的热作用与光化学作用比较

从理论、实验、数值计算等几个方面分析了激光对含能材料的热作用机理与特性 ,研究了含能材料激光点火的临界值与激光功率密度、环境温度等因素间的关系 ,并与激光对含能材料的光化学作用及光化学点火机理做了比较。与热点火相比 ,光化学点火对激光波长有较强的选择性 ,光化学点火的临界功率与临界能量较小     

超薄型金属氧化物／搪瓷复合辐射涂层蓄电池加热装置

为了解决战斗车辆在冬季使用中由于气温太低而造成蓄电池输出容量下降和充电困难问题,我们研制了一种超薄型红外线加温装置。该装置采用金属氧化物搪瓷复合涂料作为辐射层,具有发射率高、电一热转换效率高、抗腐蚀、不易脱落等特点。该加热装置体积小,重量轻,坚固实用,经3个冬季实车试验,效果令人满意。     

超临界干燥多孔硅的光致发光

对两种不同条件下制备的多孔硅进行了红外透射光谱测量，并对超临界干燥和自然干燥条件下的光致发光光谱进行了对比测量。用高分辨率透射电镜对其结构进行了观察，研究表明多孔硅的发光机理与其制备条件有关。     

A Convenient Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Approach Toward Highly Stable Squaraine Dyes with Reduced H‐Aggregation

A generic and effective approach for solving the aggregation effect observed with optical materials in solid state or in a solution with a poor solvent was explored by designing two types of squaraine‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquoixane (POSS)‐based hybrids. It is expected that incorporation of “huge” inorganic POSS nanoparticles into optical materials via covalent bonding can effectively decrease the strong dipole–dipole and π–π stacking interactions, inhibit intermolecular charge transfer between adjacent squaraine molecules, and improve optical, thermal and chemical stability of the resultant materials. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the molecular design strategy is rational and efficacious. The resultant organic–inorganic hybrid optical materials effectively eliminate the aggregation of organic optical chromophoric groups by hindering intermolecular charge transfer and decreasing dipole–dipole and π–π stacking interaction between the chromophores, and exhibit good optical stability, i.e., the absorption peaks of H1 and H2 display only a slight blue‐shift, even in the solid. Simultaneously, the hybrids also show significantly enhanced thermal, and chemical stabilities in comparison with the precursor organic optical materials.     

InP中皮秒快速现象

利用测量瞬态反射谱的方法，探索了掺硫、铁、锌以及非掺杂的ＩｎＰ中载流子寿命，观察到非掺杂ＩｎＰ中载流子寿命最长约６０ｐｓ，掺锌ＩｎＰ中载流子寿命３８ｐｓ居中，掺硫和掺铁的寿命最短约１ｐｓ掺硫、铁和锌的ＩｎＰ中载流子寿命下降，是由于掺杂引入了复合中心，这一结果已被喇曼光谱所证实。     

基于小波变换的目标边缘搜索分割方法

为满足目标识别实时性、抗噪声的要求,提出了利用小波变换的图像边缘搜索分割方法.用反对称双正交小波算子对图像进行小波变换,对小波变换模极大值进行启发式搜索检测边缘,得到目标边缘的链码表示.该搜索方法能较好地克服噪声干扰,边缘丢失时能通过在模值分布图中搜索找回边缘,增强算法的鲁棒性.实验结果表明,在同样平台下,使用该方法检测边缘能减少一般小波多尺度分析的计算量,计算速度与使用Sobel算子的梯度方法相当,且具有更好的抗噪声能力.该方法边缘连接良好率高,特征提取方便,综合提高了图像处理算法效率.     

A double receding contact axisymmetric problem between a functionally graded layer and a homogeneous substrate

In this paper, the axisymmetric problem of a frictionless double receding contact between a rigid stamp of axisymmetric profile, an elastic functionally graded layer and a homogeneous half space is considered. The graded layer is modelled as a nonhomogeneous medium with an isotropic stress-strain law. Assuming the double contact between the bodies to be frictionless, only compressive normal tractions can be transmitted in each contact area while the rest of the surface is free of tractions. Using an appropriate integral transform, the axisymmetric elasticity equations are converted analytically into a system of singular integral equations where the unknowns are the pressures and the radii of the receding contact area in the two contact zones. The global equilibrium conditions are supplemented to solve the problem. The singular integral equations are solved numerically using orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials. An iterative scheme based on the Newton-Raphson method is employed to obtain the receding contact radii and pressures that satisfy the equilibrium conditions. The main objectives of the paper are to study the effect of the nonhomogeneity parameter, the thickness of the graded layer and the magnitude of the applied load on the contact pressures, the radii of the receding contact zones and the indentation for the case of a spherical rigid punch.     

Exact solution for stability analysis of moderately thick functionally graded sector plates on elastic foundation

In this article, an exact analytical solution for buckling analysis of moderately thick functionally graded (FG) sector plates resting on Winkler elastic foundation is presented. The equilibrium equations are derived according to the first order shear deformation plate theory. Because of the coupling between the bending and stretching equilibrium equations of FG plates, these plates have deflection under in-plane loads lower than the critical buckling load acting on the mid-plane. The conditions under which FG plates remain flat in the pre-buckling configuration are investigated and the stability equations are obtained based on the flat plate assumption in the pre-buckling state. The stability equations are simplified into decoupled equations and solved analytically for plates having simply supported boundary condition on the straight edges. The critical buckling load is obtained and the effects of geometrical parameters and power law index on the stability of functionally graded sector plates are studded. The results for the critical buckling load of moderately thick functionally graded sector plates resting on elastic foundation are reported for the first time.     

Selection of fuel cladding material for nuclear fission reactors

The growing understanding of the link between carbon emissions and global warming has been promoting a discussion on the environmental and safety viability of nuclear power generation. Current open fuel cycle reactors, however, result in low energy efficiency and produce large volumes of nuclear waste. More advanced nuclear reactors, which are currently under investigation, are expected to allow more efficient and safer use of nuclear energy. In all these cases, the fuel cladding is the most important safety barrier in fission nuclear reactors, as it restrains most of the radioactive fission products within its volume. The selection of fuel cladding material is based on many design constraints, such as neutron absorption cross section, service temperature, mechanical strength, toughness, neutron radiation resistance, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and chemical compatibility. The present paper reviews the selection of nuclear fuel cladding materials since the early reactors, illustrating some of the main failure modes and briefly discussing the challenges facing the development of fuel cladding materials for generation IV reactors.     

基于Spark的分布式交通流数据预测系统

在大数据时代,在城市复杂交通环境中,实现实时、准确的交通流预测,是实现智能交通系统的必要前提。提出了一种在Spark平台上基于梯度优化决策树的分布式城市交通流预测模型(distributed urban traffic prediction with GBDT,DUTP-GBDT);并提出了分布式情况下梯度优化决策树模型实现的优化方法,包括切分点抽样、特征装箱和逐层训练三种,提高了分布式情况下梯度优化决策树训练效率。基于Spark分布式计算平台高效、可靠、弹性可扩展的优势,以及梯度优化决策树模型准确率较高和时间复杂度较低的优点,利用时间特征、道路状况特征以及天气特征等特征参数,建立了DUTP-GBDT模型,实现了实时、准确的交通流预测。通过与GABP、GA-KNN、MSTAR等模型的对比,证明了利用Spark平台,DUTP-GBDT模型在分布式环境下准确率和训练速度方面均有所提高,符合城市交通流预测系统的各项要求。