Analysis of weld pool vibration characteristics in pulsed gas metal arc welding

Using highspeed camera image measuring and processing, the contour of the weld pool was extracted accurately in pulsed metal inert gas (P-MIG) welding. Based on this extraction method, time and frequency domain characteristics at different points along the contour of the weld pool were analyzed for one pulse one droplet and one pulse two droplets, respectively. The results show that, because of the wave super position that was created by the pulsed arc and droplet impacting the weld pool, the oscillation amplitude along the weld pool fluctuated and decreased with an increase in distance from the point to the arc center. The oscillation near the arc center was complex and intense for one pulse two droplets, and the amplitude were relatively small because the oscillation caused by the pulsed arc could be offset by the molten droplet impact. The weld pool oscillation that was caused by the pulsed arc was stronger than that caused by the droplet.     

Seam-tracking based on dynamic trajectory planning for a mobile welding robot

A new seam-tracking method based on dynamic trajectory planning for a mobile welding robot is proposed in order to improve the response lag of the mobile robot and the high frequency oscillation in seam-tracking. By using a front-placed laser-based vision sensor to dynamically extract the location of the weld seam in front of torch, the trend and direction of the weld line is roughly obtained. The robot system autonomously and dynamically performs trajectory planning based on the isometric approximation model. Arc sensor technology is applied to detect the offset during welding process in real time. The dynamic compensation of the weld path is done in combination with the control of the mobile robot and the executive body installed on it. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the method effectively increases the stability of welding speed and smoothness of the weld track, and hence the weld formation in curves and corners is improved.     

Principles and application of RES welding technology

Friction element welding technology is rich of flow drill screws combined with friction welding technology and is developed for the hot-forming steel plate and aluminum alloy welding of car body-in-white. In this paper, the principle of RES welding technology, equipment, technical characteristics, application condition and welding parameters are analyzed systematically. Moreover, the changing laws of welding parameters and welded joint quality control standards are described, which provides the necessary technical support for safety and light-weight car body design requirements. This study has high practical application value, and enriches the automobile body joining technology.     

Numerical Investigation on Residual Stresses of the Safe-End/Nozzle Dissimilar Metal Welded Joint in CAP1400 Nuclear Power Plants

The residual stress evolution in a safe-end/nozzle dissimilar metal welded joint of CAP1400 nuclear power plants was investigated in the manufacturing process by finite element simulation. A finite element model, including cladding, buttering, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) and dissimilar metal multi-pass welding, is developed based on SYSWELD software to investigate the evolution of residual stress in the aforementioned manufacturing process. The results reveal a large tensile axial residual stress, which exists at the weld zone on the inner surface, leads to a high sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). PWHT process before dissimilar metal multi-pass welding process has a great influence on the magnitude and distribution of final axial residual stress. The risk of SCC on the inner surface of the pipe will increase if PWHT process is not taken into account. Therefore, such crucial thermal manufacturing process such as cladding, buttering and post-weld heat treatment, besides the multi-pass welding process, should be considered in the numerical model in order to accurately predict the distribution and the magnitude of the residual stress.     

Harnessing the scientific synergy of welding and additive manufacturing

ABSTRACT

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic materials and welding share many similarities in their physical processes and the way the microstructure and properties of the products evolve. This synergy can be a powerful driver for the scientific and technological advancements of both these important technologies for the benefit of all people. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining provides a forum for the exchange of emerging scientific and technological advancements in AM. This special issue of the journal highlights the current research in the AM processes, and the microstructure and properties of metallic components. Furthermore, it identifies some of the current challenges and opportunities for the future.     

铝/钢异质金属旋转摩擦焊研究进展

铝/钢旋转摩擦焊具有焊接质量好、焊接效率高的突出优势,特别适合轴类、管类结构的焊接制造。但是,由于旋转摩擦焊独特的旋转运动形式导致接头中微观组织与接头性能沿径向分布的不均匀性,成为制约其在关键领域应用的瓶颈之一。文中综述了铝/钢异质金属旋转摩擦焊国内外研究现状,主要分析了旋转摩擦焊工艺、微观组织与力学性能等,并探讨了铝/钢旋转摩擦焊技术未来研究的方向。     

不锈钢/碳钢TIG焊熔池表面流动行为

为研究异种钢在钨极惰性气体保护焊过程中的熔池表面流动行为,以粒子示踪法为基础,通过激光熔池表面反射的方法,对304不锈钢/Q235碳钢、316L不锈钢/Q235碳钢焊接过程中熔池表面液态金属的流动行为进行了研究,分析了熔池表面示踪粒子的运动趋势,并以此为依据计算了熔池表面液态金属的流动速度.结果表明,在不锈钢/碳钢的TIG焊过程中,熔池表面的液态金属存在从不锈钢侧流向碳钢侧的流动行为.其中,示踪粒子在304不锈钢/Q235碳钢的焊接熔池表面平均流动速度约为25.3 mm/s,在316L不锈钢/Q235碳钢的焊接熔池表面平均流动速度约为21.6 mm/s.     

热处理对Ti2AlNb线性摩擦焊接头组织与硬度的影响

对Ti₂AlNb合金进行了线性摩擦焊试验以及焊后热处理研究. 着重分析了Ti₂AlNb合金线性摩擦焊接头焊合区,热力影响区的显微组织特点以及组织演变规律,结合焊后热处理,探讨了热处理温度对接头的影响规律. 试验结果表明,采用线性摩擦焊可实现Ti₂AlNb合金可靠连接,接头无微裂纹、孔洞等缺陷. 焊态Ti₂AlNb合金接头的焊合区为亚稳态β组织和极少量的变形α₂相,热力影响区含变形α₂相和O相,以及亚稳态β相. 热处理后,针状O相在亚稳态β相中析出,并随着热处理温度升高(从700 ~ 900 ℃)而长大. 700 ℃热处理后,接头显微硬度明显升高,但随着热处理温度的升高,显微硬度下降.     

锌夹层对铝合金超声搅拌摩擦点焊Hook缺陷的影响

对于铝合金的搅拌摩擦点焊,Hook缺陷是制约接头焊接质量的原因之一. 文中提出一种添加锌夹层的超声搅拌摩擦点焊新工艺,在利用超声可提高材料流动性及促进元素扩散的同时,添加纯锌中间层,使界面形成低熔点共晶进一步促进Hook区材料的冶金结合,从而改善Hook形貌,提升接头焊接质量. 结果表明,添加锌夹层可明显改善接头Hook形貌,显著提高了Hook区有效连接面积. 在不同热输入条件下,添加锌夹层后超声搅拌摩擦点焊接头的拉剪强度均有所提高. 当转速为600和1 200 r/min时,添加锌夹层比常规超声搅拌摩擦点焊工艺得到的接头拉剪失效载荷分别提升了21.36%和12.79%.     

GTi70与TC4异种钛合金材料激光焊缝组织与性能分析

研究了GTi70与TC4异种钛合金材料激光焊接性能,通过接头常温、高温拉伸强度检测,焊缝组织XRD、OM、SEM检测分析,拉伸断口以及剪切断口形貌SEM分析,论证了异种材料的可焊性. 试验结果显示,异种材料接头常温拉伸强度高于GTi70母材,500,600和750 ℃高温拉伸强度高于TC4母材,焊缝拉伸断口、剪切断口均为韧性断裂,两种材料激光焊接性能良好. 脉冲激光焊缝组织更为细小,焊缝热影响区较窄,母材损伤小,焊缝强度与塑性优于连续激光焊缝.