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51.
N. Leclerc A. Michaud K. Sirois J.‐F. Morin M. Leclerc 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(13):1694-1704
New electroactive and photoactive conjugated copolymers consisting of alternating 2,7‐carbazole and oligothiophene moieties linked by vinylene groups have been developed. Different oligothiophene units have been introduced to study the relationship between the polymer structure and the electronic properties. The resulting copolymers are characterized by UV‐vis spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography, and thermal and electrochemical analyses. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells from different copolymers and a soluble fullerene derivative, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester, have been fabricated, and promising preliminary results are obtained. For instance, non‐optimized devices using poly(N‐(4‐octyloxyphenyl)‐2,7‐carbazolenevinylene‐alt‐3″,4″‐dihexyl‐2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2″′;5″′,2″″‐quinquethiophenevinylene 1″,1″‐dioxide) as an absorbing and hole‐carrier semiconductor exhibit power conversion efficiency up to 0.8 % under air mass (AM) 1.5 illumination. These features make 2,7‐carbazolenevinylene‐based and related polymers attractive candidates for solar‐cell applications. 相似文献
52.
53.
文章针对国内管输天然气气质分析工作中取样环节所存在的问题,结合国外技术发展趋势,全面地介绍了输气管道天然气连续取样器的研制过程。实践证明,该装置较好地解决了天然气密度值偏差问题,满足管输天然气全分析的要求,同时,该装置的推广应用将会提高天然气的计量准确度。 相似文献
54.
����������Ͳ�¶ȷֲ����� 总被引:21,自引:4,他引:17
凝析气井井筒温度分布是进行气井节点分析和动态分析必不可少的参数。根据传热学原理推出了凝析气井井筒温度分布计算公式,研究了温度计算基础数据求取方法,分析了产气量、产水量、井深及油管直径对井口温度的影响规律。对某一井深为5400m的凝析气井进行了计算,该气井气油比为3000,含23%的H2S和4%的N2;地层温度为134℃。计算结果表明:井口实测温度与计算温度的相对误差为02%~38%,符合工程精度。气井温度随井深不呈线性分布;气井井口温度随产量、井深增加而增加,随油管直径减少而减少;该公式同时适用于干气井、湿气井和凝析气井的温度分布计算,计算精度符合工程精度要求。 相似文献
55.
J. S. Kim D. G. Seiler R. A. Lancaster M. B. Reine 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1996,25(8):1215-1220
Variable-magnetic-field Hall measurements (0 to 1.5 T) are performed on very-narrow-gap bulk-grown Hg1−xCdxTe single crystals (0.165 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) at various temperatures (10 to 300K). The electron densities and mobilities are obtained
within the one-carrier (electrons) approximation of the reduced-con-ductivity-tensor scheme. The present data together with
the selected data set reported by other workers exhibit a pronounced peak when the electron mobility is plotted against the
alloy composition x-value which has been predicted to be due to the effective-mass minimum at the bandgap-crossing (Eg ≈ 0). The observed position (x ≈ 0.165), height (≈4 x 102 m2Vs), and width (≈0.01 in x) of the mobility-peak can be explained by a simple simulation involving only ionized-impurity scattering.
A lower bound of the effective mass is introduced as a fitting parameter to be consistent with the finiteness of the observed
electron mobility and is found to be of the order of 10−4 of the mass of a free electron. 相似文献
56.
The standard deviation of differential pressure fluctuations between pressure taps in a 31.7 mm i.d. vertical downer was found to be proportional to the square root of the distance between the taps when measured under otherwise constant conditions. This finding confirms the prediction of a theoretical model based on the Central Limit Theorem of sampling statistics. Although the paper only presents experimental confirmation for downward flow, the theoretical model should be valid for flows in all orientations. Except at very low solids flows, the pressure gradient was found to be positive in the flow direction, indicating that rise in pressure due to static pressure more than compensated for frictional pressure losses. 相似文献
57.
Dan C. DeBorde William W. Woessner Bruce Lauerman Patrick Ball 《Water research》1998,32(12):3781-3785
At the present time, somatic and male-specific coliphage and human enterovirus groups are being considered as indicators of possible pathogenic human enteric virus contamination from fecal contamination. A primary attribute for any indicator of fecal contamination is its prevalence at the source and in associated ground water. It must be consistently found in the source material at concentrations that are measurable with available techniques. Over a period of ten months, male-specific and somatic coliphage ranged from 7000 to 4,000,000 PFU/L in the effluent from a multi-user septic-tank. Unlike the values determined for septic-tank effluent, coliphage concentrations measured in ground water over this same period only varied by five-fold. Coliphage concentration in ground water under the down-gradient edge of the drainfield contained 1000 PFU/L. This concentration decreased at −1 log10/5 m during 17.4 m of ground-water transport. From these data, coliphage concentrations in septic-tank effluent seem sufficient to allow their use as indicators of fecal contamination in ground water. 相似文献
58.
59.
塑料薄膜透气测试装置及测试方法研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
根据塑料薄膜透气原理,设计了一种简易薄膜透气测试装置,并对测试方法及结果处理进行了探讨。 相似文献
60.