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71.
基于阴极爆炸发射电子和电子对气体的碰撞电离模型 ,用胞中粒子 (PIC)模拟方法对单间隙冷阴极气体放电过程中阴极爆炸发射产生的电子和电子碰撞电离产生质子的动力学特性进行了研究。分别给出了在 1.33× 10 - 2 Pa氢气压和 10kV间隙电压下 ,气体放电过程中电子和质子的空间和相空间分布、速度统计分布以及轴线上电荷密度分布 ,分析了阴极爆炸发射电子电离过程。模拟结果表明 ,间隙中电子的最大速度达 5 .8× 10 7m/s ,而只有少数的气体电离产生的质子最大速度达到 1.3× 10 6 m/s。 相似文献
72.
73.
Open window buses without air-conditioning are a major mode of urban and inter-city transport in most countries. High occupancy
combined with hot and humid conditions makes travel in these buses quite uncomfortable. In this study air flow through a bus
has been studied that could be the basis for low cost and eco-friendly methods of increasing passenger comfort and possibly
reduce drag. The aerodynamics of such a road vehicle has not been studied as previous investigations have been confined to
vehicles with closed windows that present a smooth exterior to air flow. Using a 1:25 scaled Perspex model of an urban bus
in Delhi, flow visualization was performed in a water channel. The Reynolds numbers were one-tenth of a real bus moving at
10 m/s. Smoke and tuft visualizations were also performed on an urban bus at 40 km/h. Numerical simulations were performed
at the actual Reynolds number. Even though there were Reynolds number differences, the broad features were similar. Air enters
the bus from the rear windows, moves to the front (relative to the bus) and exits from the front windows. Inside air velocity
relative to the bus is about one-tenth of the free-stream velocity. The flow is highly three-dimensional and unsteady. 相似文献
74.
75.
Hermann Knoflacher 《Sadhana》2007,32(4):293-307
Technological determinism has become a kind of religion for many people since it appears to offer solutions for societal problems
as never before in history. Transport is one of the fascinating technology branches developed during the last 200 years. Effortless
movement over long distances has become possible for car users as long as cheap fossil energy is available. However, the effect
of fast transport on urban structures and society was not taken into account when developing these technical means. Technologists
and economists have used indicators for expected benefits of these fast transport modes without taking into account the real
system effects on society and urban structures. Plausible assumptions and hopes instead of scientific understanding of the
complex system are used in practice. In contradiction to widely held beliefs of transportation planners, there is actually
no growth of mobility if counted in number of trips per person per day, no time saving by increasing speed in the system,
and no real freedom of modal choice. Modal choice is dependent on physical and other structures, the artificial environment
built by urban planners, transport experts and political decisions. The core hypothesis of traditional urban and transport
planning ‘growth of mobility’, ‘travel time saving by increasing speed’ and ‘freedom of modal choice’ are myths and do not
exist in the real urban and transport system. This is the reason why urban planning and transport planning based on traditional
non-scientific assumptions is creating continuously not only more transport problems, but also environmental and social as
well as economic problems all over the world, where these principals are applied. Urban transport planning in Europe, understanding
the transport system and the solutions are presented in this paper. 相似文献
76.
77.
������Һ����CO2����ѧ 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
天然气脱除H2S和CO2是天然气净化领域经常遇到的问题。H2S与醇胺的反应属瞬间质子反应,CO2与醇胺的反应则复杂得多,醇胺溶液对H2S的选择性分离主要依靠CO2与醇胺的反应速度差异来实现。文章介绍了伯胺,仲胺,叔胺及空间位阻胺溶液反应的机理和动力学。 相似文献
78.
Bedload Transport in Alluvial Channels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miguel Bravo-Espinosa W. R. Osterkamp Vicente L. Lopes 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,129(10):783-795
Hydraulic, sediment, land-use, and rock-erosivity data of 22 alluvial streams were used to evaluate conditions of bedload transport and the performance of selected bedload-transport equations. Transport categories of transport-limited (TL), partially transport-limited (PTL), and supply-limited (SL) were identified by a semiquantitative approach that considers hydraulic constraints on sediment movement and the processes that control sediment availability at the basin scale. Equations by Parker et al. in 1982, Schoklitsch in 1962, and Meyer-Peter and Muller in 1948 adequately predicted sediment transport in channels with TL condition, whereas the equations of Bagnold in 1980, and Schoklitsch, in 1962, performed well for PTL and SL conditions. Overall, the equation of Schoklitsch predicted well the measured bedload data for eight of 22 streams, and the Bagnold equation predicted the measured data in seven streams. 相似文献
79.
针对气测录井中外源气、二次循环气对油气显示层解释的干扰问题,该文提出了用差分色谱法来消除其影响,并就其概念和实现方法做了介绍;对差分色谱的测量条件及影响因素进行了分析,文章还列举了差分色谱的录井应用实例。在满足差分色谱测量条件的前提下,该方法有利于气测录井解释和油气水层评价,为气测录井半定量或定量解释提供一种方法和途径。 相似文献
80.