Removing low ppb level perchlorate, RDX, and HMX from groundwater with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) pre-loaded activated carbon

Perchlorate contaminates vast amounts of groundwater throughout the United States which could potentially be used as potable water. Activated carbon pre-loaded with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride has been shown in this research to be an effective adsorbent for removing perchlorate from three low conductivity (50-66 microS/cm) groundwaters containing perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) concentrations of 0.85, 1.0, and 5.6 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. In rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs), the virgin granular activated carbon (GAC) (used as a control) treated between 20,000 and 40,000 bed volumes (BV) of water. In contrast, the activated carbon that was pre-loaded with CTAC processed 170,000-270,000 BV before perchlorate was detected above 0.25 ppb in the effluent. Though this pre-loading significantly increased the capacity for perchlorate, it also diminished the GAC's capacity to remove organics. The groundwater containing 1 ppb ClO(4)(-) also contained the nitro-organics HMX (0.6 ppb) and RDX (5.5-6.6 ppb). RDX was detected in the effluent from the CTAC-pre-loaded bed after only 8000 BV had been processed whereas 308,000 BV could be processed through the virgin bed before RDX was detected. Likewise, HMX breakthrough was observed after 116,000 BV in the CTAC-pre-loaded bed while the virgin RSSCT exhibited no breakthrough of HMX during a test that was operated for 309,000 BV. However, by combining a CTAC-pre-loaded bed followed by a virgin GAC bed in series, both perchlorate and RDX could be removed for the same length of time.     

王集磷矿矿石类型及成因分析

王集磷矿矿石类型有三种:紫灰色纹层状磷块岩(Ph1),灰色纹层状磷块岩(Ph1),黑色纹层状磷块岩(Ph3).成矿介质,Ph1的为富磷、钙、碳的矿化热卤水,Ph3的为富磷、钙、碳、硅的矿化热卤水.Ph1的成矿环境为氧化条件下、平静、开放的深水盆地,Ph3的为还原条件下、较动荡、封闭的地表泻湖.成矿物质均源于秦岭海槽.矿床由化学结晶成矿作用和生物化学成矿作用形成.温压变化和生物活动是重要成矿因素.     

红外光谱技术在有机质成熟度研究中的应用——以峡东地区下古生界为例

应用干酪根红外光谱技术，结合牙形石色变指数分析了峡东地区下古生界有机质成熟度。探讨了在缺乏镜质体的前泥盆纪地层和海相地层中分析有机质成熟度或古地温的另一有效途径。研究表明，该区可分为３个有机质成熟度带：宜昌秭归一带处于成熟期和成熟晚期；王家湾远安一带处于高成熟早期；宜都长阳一带处于高成熟晚期。以宜昌至秭归一带为中心，往东北和西南，有机质成熟度有增高的趋势，有机质成熟度分带线与北西走向的王家湾断裂和长阳秭归断裂大致吻合。     

Soft Matter Technology at KIT: Chemical Perspective from Nanoarchitectures to Microstructures

Bioinspiration has emerged as an important design principle in the rapidly growing field of materials science and especially its subarea, soft matter science. For example, biological cells form hierarchically organized tissues that not only are optimized and designed for durability, but also have to adapt to their external environment, undergo self‐repair, and perform many highly complex functions. Being able to create artificial soft materials that mimic those highly complex functions will enable future materials applications. Herein, soft matter technologies that are used to realize bioinspired material structures are described, and potential pathways to integrate these into a comprehensive soft matter research environment are addressed. Solutions become available because soft matter technologies are benefitting from the synergies between organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and materials science.     

气相色谱法测定饲料香味剂中香味成分的含量

用气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器，SE－52毛细管柱对四甲苯做内标，分别饲料香味剂中NB－68200香精液组分的含量，分离效果好。     

腐殖活性污泥生化特征及处理效能

为探讨腐殖活性污泥的生物化学特征及其作用机理,对腐殖生物填料进行扫描电镜和能谱(SEM-EDAX)测定,表明填料中主要组成元素为C、O、Si,同时含有少量Al、S、Fe. 腐殖活性污泥与普通活性污泥中若干特征菌群的对比分析表明,腐殖活性污泥中的一般细菌总量、硝酸菌、亚硝酸菌、脱氮菌及放线菌含量明显高于普通活性污泥;腐殖活性污泥中有机质的质量分数比普通活性污泥低,但腐殖酸及富里酸和胡敏酸质量分数明显高于普通活性污泥;腐殖活性污泥法运行的SBR反应器对CODCr、TP和TN的去除效果优于普通SBR反应器,分别高出4％、14％和10％．     

纳豆菌对景观水和污水的净水作用

分别采用固体培养法和液体培养法培养纳豆菌,将其投加到水样中,通过分析水样中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮,以及CODM n和UV254的变化情况,研究了纳豆菌对景观水和自配污水的净化效果.实验结果表明,纳豆菌对景观水中亚硝酸盐氮的去除率可达86%,对硝酸盐氮的去除率达35%,由于景观水中有机物含量比较低,纳豆菌有机物降解作用不明显;对有机物含量很高的自配污水,纳豆菌能有效的降解水中有机物,CODM n去除率达51%,同时为反硝化作用提供能量,使硝酸盐氮的去除率达34%.     

上海地区冬季住宅室内外颗粒物浓度的相关性

对上海市某住宅建筑室内外PM10、PM2.5、PM1的浓度进行了测量,研究了最小通风量（外门窗关闭）条件下3种天气时颗粒浓度随时间变化的规律以及相关性,分析了颗粒物浓度与环境温湿度参数之间的关系.研究结果显示,测试期间,室内外空气中细颗粒（PM 2.5）占可吸入颗粒（PM 10）浓度比例分别达65％和87％以上;无明显室内源时,I/O比值小于1且随粒径减小而减小;室内外颗粒浓度相关性与粒径大小有关系,PM1、PM2.5的浓度相关性大于PM10.研究还表明,颗粒物浓度的关联性与天气状况有关系,多云、雨天和阴天时浓度关联性有显著差别;颗粒物的浓度受到室内外温湿度的影响,且受天气状况影响而呈现复杂性.     

大气颗粒物源解析监测中的质量控制

为确保石家庄市大气颗粒物源解析研究数据的准确性和精密性,首先结合城市自然环境、能源结构、大气环境质量现状等进行合理布点采样,同时在大气颗粒物样品采集、滤膜称量、化学组分分析等监测过程中实施了空白分析、实验室平行样分析、标准曲线绘制与核查、加标回收、有证标准物质核查等一系列质量保证措施,通过对这些质量保证措施实施情况的阐述与质量控制数据的统计、计算与分析,证明了该大气颗粒物源解析监测工作从样品采集及其称量到化学组分分析等全过程是真实有效的,表明了石家庄市大气颗粒物源解析监测数据的准确性和监测工作的可靠性.     

溶解性有机质对甲草胺在土壤中吸附行为影响

土壤对甲草胺的吸附解吸作用是甲草胺在土壤中迁移转化行为之一,对土壤环境质量变化有重要影响.在松花江沿江3个城市郊区农田(佳木斯(S1)、依兰(S2)和哈尔滨(S3)),采集3种不同理化性质的土壤,采用批量实验方法研究甲草胺在土壤上的吸附-解吸过程以及溶解性有机质对甲草胺吸附-解吸过程的影响.结果表明:溶解性有机质对甲草胺在土壤中的吸附过程有抑制作用,而对解吸过程有促进作用;甲草胺在3种土壤中的吸附-解吸过程符合Freundlich方程(R2>0.858);在3种土壤样品中的吸附量大小依次为S1>S2>S3;甲草胺在3种土壤中吸附-解吸存在滞后现象.