“大埋深、高压力”条件下塔里木盆地超深层油气勘探前景

随着塔里木盆地超深层油气勘探技术日益完善,烃源岩在高压力下的热演化已成为超深层油气资源评价及成烃理论研究的焦点。通过对国内外温压控制下烃源岩生烃模拟实验和成果的研究,结合塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆"大埋深、高压力"的地质条件,探讨了塔里木盆地海相烃源岩高压生烃演化抑制模式。顺托果勒低隆寒武系烃源岩在燕山期以来仍具有形成高成熟液态烃的地质条件,其热演化受抑制的边界条件为：①构造长期稳定的封闭体系;②烃源岩埋深大于6 500 m,流体压力长时间持续大于60 MPa,晚期低地温场背景（地温梯度小于2.0℃/hm）;③烃源岩母质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型。塔里木盆地超深层寒武系海相烃源岩以Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型干酪根为主,在高压条件下抑制程度更明显,其生油窗范围及潜力远高于传统的理论计算值,因此超深层油气勘探潜力巨大。     

北部湾盆地流沙港组湖相烃源岩的差异

北部湾盆地是中国近海重要的富油盆地,油气发现主要集中于涠西南凹陷、乌石凹陷和福山凹陷,探明原油地质储量约为4.05×10⁸t,但各个主要凹陷的探明油气地质储量存在显著差异。北部湾盆地各凹陷的油气富集程度与其湖相烃源岩的差异密切相关,从涠西南凹陷到乌石凹陷,再到迈陈凹陷和福山凹陷,古近系流沙港组烃源岩的品质总体下降,烃源岩的有机质丰度降低,有机质类型从以腐泥型为主变成以混合型占优势,烃源岩的生烃潜力下降。分析表明,尽管北部湾盆地流沙港组烃源岩在形成期各凹陷普遍具有较高的古湖泊有机质生产力,但各凹陷的有机质来源仍然存在差异,有机质保存条件也存在差异,从涠西南凹陷到乌石凹陷,再到迈陈凹陷、福山凹陷和海中凹陷,湖相藻类来源的有机质减少,陆生高等植物来源的有机质增加,有机质保存条件具有变差的趋势。     

Zinc diffusion and extractability as affected by zinc carrier and soil chemical properties

This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of soil chemical properties, Zn carrier and time elapsed after fertilizer application on the diffusion and extractability of Zn. A soil block technique was used to study zinc diffusion and DTPA extractability from ZnEDTA and ZnSO₄ fertilizers in three soils that varied in texture, CaCO₃ content, organic matter content, and pH using Zn⁶⁵ tracer. ZnEDTA diffused readily in all soils, moving 20–25 mm from the fertilizer layer after three days. The rate of Zn diffusion and the extractability of Zn, however, varied among the soils and were lowest in Baha soil with the highest clay content, organic matter, and CEC despite its lower pH. The high pH and CaCO₃ content in Dirab soil did not restrict the diffusion or reduce the extractability of ZnEDTA in this soil. On the other hand, the diffusion of Zn from ZnSO₄ fertilizer was largely restricted in all soils and was confined to 5 mm from the fertilizer layer after 13 d. The extractability of ZnSO₄ fertilizer was largely affected by soil pH and CaCO₃ content and was lowest in Dirab calcareous soil. Organic matter amendment at 5% (as alfalfa) considerably reduced the diffusion and the extractability of ZnSO₄ in both Dirab calcareous and Bakyria noncalcareous soils. The application of 1% (w/w) elemental S reduced soil pH and increased Zn diffusion from ZnSO₄ fertilizer in Bakyria soil but had slight effect on Dirab calcareous soil.     

Changes in dry matter concentration gradients in stored apples

Longitudinal and transverse dry matter concentration gradients were measured in Cox's Orange Pippin apples at harvest and during storage. Dry matter concentration was higher at the calyx end of the fruit at harvest than in the central zone and at the stalk end. This difference was maintained as dry matter concentration in the whole fruit declined during cold storage. Dry matter concentration decreased from the peel to the core in median transverse slices at harvest but this gradient diminished during storage at 4°C in either air or 1·25%v/v O₂. After 11 weeks' storage dry matter concentrations became generally lower in all zones of the air-stored fruit than those in apples stored in 1·25% v/v O₂, but transverse distribution patterns of dry matter were similar in apples in either regime throughout storage. Proportions of dry matter in the outer zones declined whilst those in the inner cortex and core increased. The relevance of these changes to the quality of stored apples is discussed.     

Anomaly detection in particulate matter sensor using hypothesis pruning generative adversarial network

The World Health Organization provides guidelines for managing the particulate matter (PM) level because a higher PM level represents a threat to human health. To manage the PM level, a procedure for measuring the PM value is first needed. We use a PM sensor that collects the PM level by laser-based light scattering (LLS) method because it is more cost effective than a beta attenuation monitor-based sensor or tapered element oscillating microbalance-based sensor. However, an LLS-based sensor has a higher probability of malfunctioning than the higher cost sensors. In this paper, we regard the overall malfunctioning, including strange value collection or missing collection data as anomalies, and we aim to detect anomalies for the maintenance of PM measuring sensors. We propose a novel architecture for solving the above aim that we call the hypothesis pruning generative adversarial network (HP-GAN). Through comparative experiments, we achieve AUROC and AUPRC values of 0.948 and 0.967, respectively, in the detection of anomalies in LLS-based PM measuring sensors. We conclude that our HP-GAN is a cutting-edge model for anomaly detection.     

激光清除输电线路异物时异物烧蚀特性分析

利用高能激光清除输电线路缠绕异物的方法取得了 较好的使用效果。以5种典型输电线路异物 材料为研究对象,建立有限元仿真模型,分析激光烧蚀异物的温度分布及其微观变化规律, 并进行了激光 烧蚀实验。结果表明,激光照射异物时,异物中心到边缘温度逐渐降低,高温的中心部分先 熔化,低温部 分热量积累使温升至熔点熔化,形成“V”形凹坑。在激光加热异物的过程是周向和纵深方 向同时发展的, 且纵深方向发展快于周向的发展速度。激光功率达到200 W时,可以 清除绝大部分有色异物,亮白色异物 也可被清除,激光清除异物的效率在1mm/s至2mm/s之间,激光清除异物的效率较高,此研 究成果为激光 应用于清除输电线路缠绕异物工作提供了重要依据。     

基于粒矩阵的多输入多输出真值表快速并行约简算法

真值表是表征逻辑输入与输出之间因果关系的重要工具,真值表约简在数字逻辑电路的分析与设计中具有重要意义.该文将真值表看作逻辑信息系统,将真值表约简转化为逻辑信息系统的最简规则获取.采用粒计算分层粒化的思想,在不同粒度下,利用粒矩阵的知识表示形式、粒矩阵中的启发式知识以及粒矩阵运算,设计了多输入多输出真值表快速并行约简算法.以发光二极管七段数字显示器为例进行了算法说明,通过数学证明和算法复杂性分析证明了算法的正确性和有效性.     

High‐Tensile Strength,Composite Bijels through Microfluidic Twisting

Rope making is a millennia old technique to collectively assemble numerous weak filaments into flexible and high tensile strength bundles. However, delicate soft matter fibers lack the robustness to be twisted into bundles by means of mechanical rope making tools. Here, weak microfibers with tensile strengths of a few kilopascals are combined into ropes via microfluidic twisting. This is demonstrated for recently introduced fibers made of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels). Bijels show promising applications in use as membranes, microreactors, energy and healthcare materials, but their low tensile strength make reinforcement strategies imperative. Hydrodynamic twisting allows to produce continuous bijel fiber bundles of controllable architecture. Modelling the fluid flow field reveals the bundle geometry dependence on a subtle force balance composed of rotational and translational shear stresses. Moreover, combining multiple bijel fibers of different compositions enables the introduction of polymeric support fibers to raise the tensile strength to tens of megapascals, while simultaneously preserving the liquid like properties of the bijel fibers for transport applications. Hydrodynamic twisting shows potentials to enable the combination of a wide range of materials resulting in composites with features greater than the sum of their parts.     

浅析电子商务领域专利申请的客体问题

随着计算机、互联网、移动互连技术的发展,电子商务活动日益活跃,使得以计算机软件和电子设备为载体、结合各种技术应用于各种社会活动的新型商业方法的产生,其满足技术性要求,从而有获得专利授权的基础.美日欧各国对商业方法专利的审查重点已经从客体可专利性转移到整体专利性的考察,我国对商业方法专利仍然处于转变的过程中.从具体案例出发,通过对案例的分析,剖析电子商务领域客体审查的尺度.     

海底激光雷达悬浮颗粒粒径分布反演方法的研究

在激光雷达海洋探测技术中,为了实时监测海水中悬浮颗粒物粒径分布,需要对激光雷达接收信号进行处理和反演计算。根据Mie散射理论,用聚苯乙烯粒子作为研究样本,取三种不同粒径的聚苯乙烯粒子,分别配制不同浓度的溶液、测量了不同散射角、不同光波长下的散射系数随浓度的变化关系。测量结果表明:在散射角为15°,光波长范围为450 nm~700 nm时,散射系数与浓度具有很好的单调递增性;对1∶1∶1 的三种粒径聚苯乙烯溶液进行了测量,结果说明混合物散射系数与同种浓度下三种单粒径的散射系数之和基本一致,具有很强的线性相关性;通过实验与理论比较,在适合波段内,反演误差小,反演精度较高。