焊接热影响区晶粒生长动力学及其晶粒生长图的建立

本文提出了一种焊接热影响区(HAZ)晶粒生长动力学模型。基于这种模型和部分焊接热模拟试样的奥氏体晶粒尺寸数据,建立了含Mo 及含Mo、V两种微合金化钢的模拟HAZ 晶粒生长图。该图的预测值与其他焊接热模拟试样的奥氏体晶粒尺寸实测值较好地吻合。并对这两种钢的晶粒生长动力学特性进行了讨论。     

Effects of microstructural heterogeneity on very high cycle fatigue properties of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy friction stir butt welds

In this study, the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy and its friction stir welding (FSW) butt welds have been investigated. The results show that the failure of FSW joints still occurs at 7.0 × 10⁸ cycles. The fatigue properties of the FSW joints are superior to those of the base material, especially in the super long life regime. Most fatigue cracks initiate at the thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone on the advancing side of the FSW joints, and the susceptibility of these zones to fatigue is attributed to the metallurgical heterogeneity.     

Temperature-gradient induced microstructure evolution in heat-affected zone of electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of electron beam welded (EBW) joint normally undergoes a unique heat-treating process consisting of rapid temperature rising and dropping stages, resulting in temperature-gradient in HAZ as a function of the distance to fusion zone (FZ). In the current work, microstructure, elements distribution and crystallographic orientation of three parts (near base material (BM) zone, mid-HAZ and near-FZ) in the HAZ of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were systematically investigated. The microstructure observation revealed that the microstructural variation from near-BM to near-FZ included the reduction of primary α (α_p) grains, the increase of transformed β structure (β_t) and the formation of various α structures. The rim-α, dendritic α and abnormal secondary α (α_s) colonies formed in the mid-HAZ, while the “ghost” structures grew in the near-FZ respectively. The electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technologies were employed to evaluate the elements diffusion and texture evolution during the unique thermal process of welding. The formation of the various α structures in the HAZ were discussed based on the EPMA and EBSD results. Finally, the nanoindentation hardness of “ghost” structures was presented and compared with nearby β_t regions.     

Effect of Nb on Mechanical Properties of HAZ for High-Nb X80 Pipeline Steels

The mechanical properties of heat affected zone (HAZ) of two commercial high-Nb X80 grade pipeline steels with different alloy elements were investigated using thermal simulation performed on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The results showed that the high-Nb steels have excellent weldability. Embrittlement regions appear in coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) and intercritically heat affected zone (ICHAZ); Softening region appears in fine-grain heat affected zone (FGHAZ), and the strength here was even lower than 555 MPa as required in the standard. Meanwhile, with the increase of heat input, the strength and the toughness of HAZ of steel with high Nb, C and lower alloy decrease notably. Therefore, take into account the welding procedure during manufacture of weld pipe, suitable amount of alloy elements, such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo and so on, is necessary for high Nb X80 heavy-thick steel plate.     

Effect of microstructure inhomogeneity on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of X80 welding HAZ under pressurized gaseous hydrogen

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-grade pipeline welded joint is a threat to hydrogen gas transport. In this research, slow strain rate tension (SSRT) tests in high-pressure hydrogen gas, combined with hydrogen permeation tests and microstructure analysis were conducted on X80 steel, intercritical heated-affected zone (ICHAZ), fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). The change of HE susceptibility from high to low was CGHAZ, FGHAZ, ICHAZ, and base metal. Microstructure was the important factor influencing hydrogen permeation and susceptibility to HE. Susceptibility to HE was increased in the order of “fine-grained massive ferrite (MF) and acicular ferrite (AF)”, “fine-grained granular bainite (GB) and MF”, “coarse-grained GB and bainite ferrite (BF) embedded with martensite-austenite (M-A) constitute”. The fine-grained MF and AF in base metal with lower hydrogen diffusivity can impede the embrittlement behaviour, while the coarse-grained GB and BF with higher hydrogen diffusivity in CGHAZ increased its susceptibility to HE.     

SA335P91钢焊接参数的研究

探讨了SA335P91材料焊接接头的组织变化及冲击韧性下降的原因,利用经验公式计算相关数据,通过分析这些数据给出了焊接工艺参数。     

纵向焊接铝合金压杆承载力研究

大多数结构用铝合金通常要经过热处理或加工硬化以改善其力学性能。当这种合金焊接后除了产生残余应力外,在焊缝附近还将产生强度明显降低的热影响区(HAZ)。而对于钢结构,由于其热导率比铝材小得多,因此只有高强钢才可能产生强度降低的热影响区,而且其强度的降低没有铝合金显著,热影响区的宽度也比铝合金小得多。这将使得铝合金受压杆件的屈曲性能变得更为复杂。对贴角焊和剖口焊这两种焊接方式的工字型铝合金中心受压杆件进行试验研究,并将试验结果同即将颁布的国标《铝合金结构设计规范》(送审稿)及欧洲规范9(EC9)进行比较。结果表明,通常情况下,对于贴角焊构件,规范结果与试验结果吻合较好;而对于剖口焊构件,规范结果偏保守。     

WB36钢临界再热粗晶区组织性能

用热模拟方法研究了WB36钢（15NiCuMoNb5）临界再热粗晶区（IRCGHAZ）组织特征及性能,分析组织转变过程及M-A组元形成原因,揭示了1RCGHAZ脆化机理。结果表明,IRCGHAZ保持粗大的板条状马氏体组织特征,形成了密集的M-A组元,其中条状M-A组元分布于马氏体板条间,而在原始奥氏体晶界形成链状M-A组元。与一次粗晶区（CGHAZ）、二次粗晶区及过临界再热粗晶区（SCCGHAZ）相比,IRCGHAZ的韧性最低,它将导致接头的局部脆化现象。IRCGHAZ脆化的主要原因是存在于晶内的条状M-A组元,而不是分布于晶界的粒状M-A组元,这是由于条状M-A组元比颗粒状M-A组元更容易引起解理断裂。     

计入热影响区的焊接接头极限载荷计算

针对许多结构完整性评定规范焊接接头难以得到准确的极限载荷问题,文中在理想的双材料模型基础上,通过考虑热影响区的影响,建立非匹配焊接接头"三材料"模型,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS求解计入热影响区的非匹配焊接接头极限载荷值,再由回归分析法得到了非匹配焊接接头极限载荷的回归方程,并分析验证了回归方程的适用性、准确性.结果表明,非匹配焊接接头在相同匹配条件下,热影响区屈服强度决定了接头的极限载荷,该反映非匹配焊接接头力学性能及几何尺寸不均匀的回归方程适合计算非匹配焊接接头的极限载荷.     

机械振动焊接对焊缝及热影响区金相组织的影响

主要研究了机械振动（振动频率在330－166Hz）焊接后的焊接及热影响区的金相组织形态。试验采用容器常用钢16MnR,采用埋弧自动焊,同时对其施加机械振动。选取三组试样分别在不同振动频率和振幅的条件下,进行振动焊接。结果表明,机械振动焊接可大大改善焊缝及热区的金相组织,使焊缝的组织明显细化,熔合线和过热区变窄,魏氏组织减少。同时,从焊缝溶池结晶过程方面,对在该条件下焊缝及热影响区的金相组织的形成过程做了详细的讨论。另外还得出,振动频率在窄范围内对振动焊接试件的焊缝及热影响的金相组织无明显影响。振动振幅对振动焊接试件的焊缝及热影响区的金相组织影响较大。