热水器内胆焊缝热影响区缺陷分析

对热水器内胆进行水压测试时,水管环焊缝周边开裂是导致产品不合格的主要因素,给企业带来较大损失。以某品牌热水器内胆为研究对象,借助扫描电镜、金相显微镜和宏观观察等检测手段探讨并分析出现水压开裂的原因。研究表明,热影响区在焊接前受到塑性变形,易形成应力集中,存在摩尔形变储存能Es,在受到焊接热输入时,该处晶粒易发生再结晶并逐渐长大,形成粗大晶粒,导致水压测试时焊缝出现裂缝甚至断裂。     

Fatigue properties of ferrite/bainite dual-phase X80 pipeline steel welded joints

Fatigue properties are important parameters for the safety design and security evaluation of pipelines. In this work, fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation of full-thickness X80 pipeline steel joints compared with the base metal (BM) was investigated. Full-thickness BM specimens showed superior fatigue life compared with that of welded joints. The fatigue crack initiation of full-thickness X80 welded joint specimens occurred at the outside weld toe and then grew inward until a fracture was formed. During fatigue crack growth in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), crack growth rate linearly increased with increased ΔK in each HAZ subregion. However, the change rate of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) differed among HAZ subregions. This difference was related to the variation in crack path and fracture mode because of the possible microstructural sensitivity of fatigue crack propagation behaviour.     

Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating and its ablation behavior by laser pulse heating(LPH)

Phase structure of sputtered Ta coating in the negative glow space and LPH effect were explored.The whole coating/substrate system is substrate→physically gas-absorbed Fe surface→oxygen-enriched TaOx layer→amorphous Ta→αandβdual phase→singleαphase.After LPH course,micro structure of Ta coating shows intact,only a few cracks emerge after 100 laser pulses,exhibiting thin HAZ but thick Fe/Ta ICZ,without martensitic transformation.For the electrodeposited Cr coating,continuous thermal stresses produce many extra micro-crack,substrate oxidation and martensitic transformation,leading to crack propagations and final bulk delamination,without any ICZ.     

焊接铝合金压杆屈曲性能试验研究

铝合金焊接后除了产生残余应力外,在焊缝附近还将产生强度明显降低的热影响区。对贴角焊和剖口焊两种焊接方式的工字型铝合金中心受压杆件进行了试验研究,并将试验结果同即将颁布的国标《铝合金结构设计规范》及欧洲规范进行了比较。研究表明,通常情况下,对于贴角焊构件,规范结果和试验结果吻合较好;而对于剖口焊构件,规范结果偏保守。     

峰值温度和降温速率对TC4钛合金焊接热影响区组织与性能的影响

目的 通过Gleeble 540热模拟试验机模拟TC4钛合金的热影响区,探讨不同热循环条件下TC4钛合金组织性能的演变规律,为钛合金激光焊接工艺的优化提供指导。方法 利用Gleeble 540热模拟试验机对TC4钛合金焊接热影响区进行模拟试验,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察不同热模拟参数下TC4钛合金的显微组织,运用数字式显微硬度计和拉伸试验机对热模拟试样进行硬度和拉伸测试。结果 当峰值温度低于相变温度时,热影响区组织呈块状α相,这种片层较厚且为块状组织的存在使硬度显著提高,拉伸强度大幅下降;当峰值温度升至完全相变温度以上时,热影响区组织逐渐转变为大量的针状α''马氏体,硬度和拉伸强度逐渐提高。当峰值温度为1 100 ℃时,抗拉强度显著高于母材拉伸强度,达到1 248 MPa。降温速率的增大导致针状α''马氏体增多,长针状马氏体破碎形成网篮状马氏体组织,虽然热影响区的硬度没有明显变化,但是拉伸强度略有降低。结论 在TC4钛合金实际焊接中,确保峰值温度高于钛合金组织的完全相变温度,可提高钛合金激光焊接接头的力学性能。     

细晶组织耐候钢热影响区粗晶区的组织和性能

 采用焊接热模拟技术研究了焊接热循环对细晶组织09CuPCrNi钢热影响区粗晶区 (CGHAZ)显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在800~500 ℃冷却时间t8/5≤8 s时,该钢CGHAZ组织为贝氏体和少量马氏体。随着t8/5延长,在原奥氏体晶界上逐渐析出先共析铁素体,当t8/5＞18 s时,显微组织由大量铁素体和珠光体组成,且原奥氏体晶粒明显粗化,先共析铁素体含量增加。在-20 ℃和0 ℃下,t8/5对冲击吸收功影响较小,在-40 ℃时,随着t8/5延长,冲击吸收功下降显著,而且随着t8/5延长,CGHAZ硬度逐渐下降,但硬度值均高于母材,焊接热影响区相对于母材未出现软化倾向。     

日本两公司开发的大热输入焊接用高强度钢

为了提高船舶及建筑结构等的焊接效率,必须采用大热输入焊接等措施。介绍了日本各钢铁公司研究开发的多种新技术,包括利用TiN对热影响区晶粒长大进行有效控制,依靠铁素体形核核心手段实现晶粒细化,并利用控制热影响区微观组织以及采用TMCP控制轧制技术等。在综合利用这些技术的基础上,开发成功了各种适合于大热输入焊接的高强度钢,以确保大热输入条件下热影响区具有高的韧性,用于造船、建筑结构、桥梁等的建造。     

Numerical studies on Vibro-creep of PEM fuel cell elements used in mobile applications

The wide use of fuel cells in mobile applications carries significant risks caused by accompanying vibrations, the origin of which can be found in the interaction of the ground or other vibration-generating components. The classical approach treated vibration and creep as two separate phenomena. One generated pulses, and the other caused durable deformations under the influence of temperature and static loads. This work combines both phenomena, describing the impact of vibrations on the material's structure and estimating the magnitude of durable deformations caused by the aggregation of alloy inclusions and dislocations in the material mesh. The Norton creep model and the failure model described by Kachanov were used for this. In addition, Stobyriev's reduced stresses were used to reflect the failure spectrum of the material: from brittle to ductile.     

特厚高强钢Z向成分差异对焊接接头热输入的影响

文中以两种150 mm特厚高强先进610CFD钢为试验对象，基于材料Z向成分的差异，分析组织不均匀性对焊接接头热输入的影响，利用金相显微镜，SEM，EBSD和冲击试验对结果进行表征.结果表明，提高铸坯厚度、降低易偏析元素C，Mn等合金元素含量，可以有效的减小1/2处偏析程度并避免冶金缺陷，使宏观偏析转化为微观偏析；比较严重的宏观偏析造成1/4处、1/2处热影响区组织存在明显区别是造成其Z向各位置焊接工艺适应性差异的主要原因；而微观偏析造成Z向各位置焊接工艺适应性差异的机理是合金元素微观偏析造成热影响区MA数量、形貌、分布差异.