高Ti,Nb析出强化高强钢接头强度及焊接热影响区软化行为分析

采用混合气体（80％Ar＋20％CO2）保护焊对高Ti,Nb析出强化高强钢进行了焊接强度试验研究．结果表明,随着焊接热输入增大,接头强度有降低趋势．焊接热影响区较母材硬度降低,存在软化行为．粗晶区晶粒长大及10nm以下（Ti,Nb,Mo）（C,N）第二相粒子的溶解造成强化效果降低．未溶的（Ti,Nb,Mo）（C,N）第二相粒子固定了C,Mo元素,降低过冷奥氏体的稳定性,不能得到硬度较高的板条状马氏体或贝氏体,而形成硬度较低的粒状贝氏体．第二相强化效果的降低不能通过组织强化有效弥补,从而造成粗晶区软化．在细晶区热循环作用下,10nm以下第二相粒子粗化,使得偏离其临界强化尺寸,析出强化效果降低,造成细晶区软化．     

TiNi合金激光焊接接头形状恢复温度的研究

利用热模拟试样模拟TiNi合金激光焊接接头焊缝热影响区,对焊接接头、焊缝金属、模拟热影响区和母材的相变温度进行差热分析,研究了焊接接头与其它三者逆相变温度的关系,并利用OM,SEM和XRD对母材、热影响区和焊缝金属的组织、析出相的分布以及晶体结构进行了研究.结果表明,TiNi合金激光焊接接头的形状恢复率与母材无明显差别,但形状恢复温度区间与母材差异较大,其形状恢复开始温度比母材低40℃;焊缝金属和热影响区逆相变开始温度(As)和结束温度(Af)均不同于母材,主要原因是焊缝金属经历了熔化-凝固过程,失去了母材中原有的晶体择优取向,且析出相尺寸小、分布不均;而热影响区As和Af降低,可能是细小析出相重新固溶于基体所致.整个接头的逆相变温度区间与焊缝金属近似,调控焊缝金属的相变温度是控制TiNi合金激光焊接接头形状记忆功能的关键.     

欧标低合金结构钢粗晶热影响区组织和韧性的热模拟研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机模拟粗晶热影响区的焊接热循环,研究了热输入对欧标低合金结构钢粗晶热影响区晶粒长大、硬度及韧性和组织的影响。结果表明,随着峰值加热温度的提高和高温停留时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒将发生不同程度的长大,粗晶热影响区的最高硬度也逐渐提高;同时随着t_(8/5)的延长,粗晶热影响区的组织将由少量低碳马氏体、针状铁素体以及粒状贝氏体和大量块状铁素体组织,逐渐转化为大量侧板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体以及粗大长条状M-A组元,甚至出现一定数量的上贝氏体,使得粗晶热影响区的低温冲击韧度急剧下降,由低温韧性断裂转化为低温脆性断裂。     

Laboratory development of high performance steel plates with excellent HAZ toughness at large heat inputs

Presented in this study is the result of steel plates developed at laboratory by using the technique of chemistry design based on microstructure evolution.It has been shown that the produced 50mm thickness steel plates with yield and tensile strength being 420 MPa and 530 MPa respectively exhibit excellent large heat input weldability:the Charpy impact tests in the whole range of heat affected zone(HAZ) including the fusion line at the welded joint with large heat input of 100 -300 kJ/cm showed uniform impact toughness of above 140 J at -40℃.Welding simulations were also performed for heat inputs of 200-600 kJ/cm,which showed far better toughness at -20℃.Analysis on the results of the simulations and the practical welding tests were done and the microstructure evolution mechanisms were proposed.Finally suggestions were given to improve the simulation processes as well as chemistry modification.     

多丝直缝埋弧焊管焊缝形貌对热影响区冲击功的影响

为了研究多丝直缝埋弧焊管焊缝形貌对热影响区冲击功的影响,分析了直缝埋弧焊管焊接接头不同区域的组织和韧性分布规律,得出由于热影响区冲击试样刻槽处焊缝宏观形貌的不同,冲击试样刻槽所经过的焊缝、热影响区（HAZ）及母材的比例各不相同,造成HAZ冲击功结果不稳定。试验结果表明,稳定的焊缝宏观形貌,应从坡口准备、成型各工序、焊接工艺及操作等方面进行严格规范及标准化操作。     

Solidification and microstructure modelling of welds in aluminium alloys 5754 and 6111

Abstract

A solidification and microstructure modelling approach has been developed to predict weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) characteristics. The freezing range and phase evolution in the weld metal region were predicted using thermodynamic and diffusion controlled growth calculations. The calculated freezing range was correlated with the weld solidification cracking tendency. A simplified analytical model was suggested to describe thermal cycles that are experienced by the HAZ. This analytical model was coupled with a published microstructure model for age hardenable alloys to predict the hardness variations across the HAZ. The above integrated approach was evaluated using experimental welds made on non­age hardenable 5754 (Al–Mg) and age hardenable 6111 (Al–Mg–Si) alloys using gas tungsten arc, electron beam, and gas metal arc welding processes.     

Ferrite to austenite reverse transformation process in B containing 9%Cr heat resistant steel HAZ

Abstract

Creep properties of the high Cr heat resistant steel welded joint can be improved by adding B due to prevention of the grain refinement in heat affected zone (HAZ). In the present study, phase transformation behaviour of the B steel HAZ has been investigated to understand suppression mechanism of the grain refinement. During reverse transformation, fine austenite was formed through diffusional transformation at the prior austenite grain boundary in the first stage, and then coarse austenite was formed at the same location of the original austenite. The volume fraction of the fine austenite increased with increasing perk temperature of the weld thermal cycle. This phenomenon can be explained if the coarse austenite contains high density of dislocations. Clear surface relief was observed during the reverse transformation by a confocal laser microscope. These results indicate that martensitic or displacive reverse transformation takes place during welding and it prevents the grain refinement in HAZ.     

Numerical method applied to duplex stainless steel welding

Abstract

Microstructure plays an essential role in the attractive properties of the duplex stainless steels (DSSs) such as toughness and corrosion resistance. These properties are obtained by an adequate balance between the fractions of the ferrite and austenite phases, which can be modified when DSSs are welded. Besides the unbalanced fractions of ferrite and austenite, the precipitation of deleterious compounds at high temperatures such as sigma phase can also occur during DSS welding. In this work, a model based on transport equations was numerically implemented by the finite volume method in a computational code in order to simulate the 2205 DSS welding. It was able to evaluate qualitatively the sigma phase precipitation and the formation of the ferrite and austenite phases by calculating the cooling rates reached during 2205 DSS welding. The results are discussed in light of the previous work, and good agreement between numerical and experimental results was obtained.     

Mechanomaking of nanostructured hypereutectic white irons: powder fabrication

Abstract

White irons containing 5·7 wt-%C were produced by room temperature, high energy milling from iron and carbon elemental powders. Both iron and cementite phases have crystal sizes of less than 10 nm in the powders which have fully dense particles of 50 μm mean size. The gas content is 0·5 wt-% and the powder is stable up to 550°C. Above 550°C decomposition of cementite occurs, involving a decrease in combined carbon content from 5·7 to 3·5 wt-% (annealing at 1050°C). The crystal growth kinetics has two temperature regions with lower activation energies in the high temperature (above 800°C) region. Crystal sizes still below 100 nm were observed for annealing up to 800°C. The size distribution in mechanosynthesised powders was modified by tumbling (dry) and attritor (wet) milling down to mean sizes of 4 μm and 1·4 μm respectively. Whereas tumbling milling does not alter the properties of MS powders, wet attritor milling produced higher gas content (7 wt-%) and much decreased thermal stability. Mechanosynthesised and tumbling milled powders can be degassed prior to consolidation, while wet attritor milled ones cannot.     

焊接热影响区针状铁素体的形核长大及其对组织的细化作用

通过观察焊接热循环冷却过程中不同温度取样直接淬火后的微观组织,研究了焊接热影响区(HAZ)晶内针状铁素体(IAF)的形核长大过程,论证了针状铁素体分割原奥氏体晶粒及细化晶内组织的机理.Auger电子能谱(AES)证实,在TiOx-MnS型复合夹杂物边界附近存在贫Mn区,IAF易于在这类复合夹杂物上形核,单个复合夹杂物能...