P92钢焊接接头的组织和性能研究

通过硬度试验、冲击试验、断口扫描和金相组织观察,研究了P92钢焊接接头的性能、组织特点及关系。结果表明,焊缝的硬度比HAZ的大,冲击功比HAZ的小;二者在断裂形态上的差异导致了两个部位对冲击吸收功的不同;焊缝金属组织中形成的奥氏体枝晶是造成焊缝金属的韧性明显低于HAZ的主要因素之一。     

Fracture strength evaluation of welded steel joint by means of small punch test

It has been well known that the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of each weld structure or its shift (ΔDBTT) from parent material is one of the very useful measures of the fracture characteristics in steel weldment. In order to present an applicability of small punch (SP) test technique to weldments, in this study, a fracture strength of microstructure at any localized region of interest on HAZ, weld metal and parent material in two steels was evaluated by using DBTT or ΔDBTT obtained from the SP test in relation to the data obtained from the COD test. The empirical correlation, (ΔDBTT) _SP ⋟0.55 (ΔDBTT) _COD , was obtained from the SP and COD test. In addition, the effects of test materials, that is the microstructures of welded region and the orientations of specimens etc, did not appear at the empirical correlation.     

STE355钢模拟焊接热影响区的组织与性能

采用模拟焊接热循环的方法，研究了单次热循环和多次热循环时，Ｔｍａｘ和ｔ８／５对ＳＴＥ３５５钢热影响区组织和性能的影响，为制定最佳焊接工艺参数提供依据。     

Monel 400的“热脆”行为

采用高温拉伸试验方法，模拟研究了Ｍｏｎｅｌ４００合金焊接接头ＨＡＺ的“热脆”行为。重点探讨了不同线能量及Ｍｇ含量的影响。研究结果表明：Ｍｏｎｅｌ４００接头ＨＡＺ在５５０～８５０℃之间存在低塑性的热脆区。减少线能量，适当提高合金的Ｍｇ含量，有助于降低合金的热脆性，因而提高抗裂性能。     

模拟焊接HAZ高温塑性功与再热裂纹敏感性

采用模拟焊接ＨＡＺ再热温度下缓慢恒速拉伸试验，测试研究了有再热裂纹倾向的１５ＣｒＭｏＶ和１８ＭｎＭｏＮｉＮｂ两种钢的焊后再热处理时力学性能的变化，发现存在一个塑性和塑性功低落的温度区间。而且随着再热温度下保温时间的延长，塑性和塑性功有所上升，塑性和塑性功低落的温度区间更趋明显。提出了采用再热温度下拉伸塑性功来评定再热裂纹敏感性的新概念。     

Effect of Grain Size on the Weldability of Cast Alloy 718

Electron beam welding was conducted on cast alloy 718 with varying grain sizes obtained using Microcast (MX™) and conventional cast (CC) techniques. The average value per section of Total Crack Length (Av. TCL) was measured on each cross section and used to represent the material's weldability. It was found for the first time that the grain size had a reduced effect on the weldability of cast alloys, relative to that reported in the literature for wrought alloys; i.e., increased grain size in the range of 90-3000 microns resulted in improved weldability. This was determined to be related to the probability of welds intersecting grain boundaries and causing grain boundary microfissuring. The conclusion from the experimental analysis is corroborated by the use of a Weibull-type analysis to evaluate the probability of a weld microfissure occurring relative to the grain size. As grain size increases, the probability of the weld intersecting the grains is reduced, and thus, the likelihood of microfissuring is reduced. With regard to a single crystal, there are no grain boundaries intercepting the weld (probability = 0), and thus, microfissuring related to constitutional liquation of primary carbides, or segregation of species to grain boundaries would not occur.     

超级钢与低碳钢焊接热影响区晶粒尺寸对比

利用数值模拟方法对超级钢和低碳钢的焊接温度场进行了模拟，在此基础上，对其热影响区晶粒尺寸进行了预测，并将结果进行了对比分析。结果定量地表明，超级钢热影响区的晶粒尺寸比低碳钢热影响区的晶粒尺寸小，超级钢焊缝比低碳钢焊缝性能优良。     

超低碳贝氏体钢焊接热影响区研究

用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟机研究了超低碳贝氏体（ＵＬＣＢ）钢，在不同焊接模拟热循环条件下ＨＡＺ的组织与性能。结果表明，适量铌，硼合金化的ＵＬＣＢ钢在不同焊接条件下都能获得具有良好冲击韧性的贝氏体组织。但焊接工艺的不同也直接造成焊后组织的差异而使低温断裂行为有所不同。采用径迹显微照相技术（ＰＴＡ）研究了硼在钢中的偏聚行为，进一步探讨了不同ｔ８／５时间对贝氏体组织形态的影响以及不同组织对低温裂纹     

Cr18Mo2铁素体钢焊接热影响区组织结构特征

采用光镜、电子衍射等试验方法，对高纯铁素体不锈钢焊接区域的显策组织结构，析出物及焊接热影响区断口形态进行了试验研究。结果表明，ＨＡＺ晶粒长大是导致铁素体钢焊接区域韧性下降的主要原因，析出物对脆化裂纹的产生和扩展有促进作用。在生产中应采取尽量减小焊接线能量的措施，以防止ＨＡＺ晶粒粗化引起的脆化现象。