乳癌组织中人类表皮生长因子受体2蛋白的纯化及鉴定

目的建立乳腺癌组织中人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)蛋白的纯化方法。方法采用新鲜的乳腺癌组织制备匀浆液,经60%饱和硫酸铵盐析沉淀法进行乳腺癌组织蛋白的粗提;再通过DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换层析和两次Sephacryl S-200分子筛层析进一步纯化HER2蛋白;纯化蛋白进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定。结果纯化后HER2蛋白相对分子质量为185 000;HER2蛋白可与兔抗人HER2多克隆抗体发生特异性结合。结论建立的纯化方法获得了具有免疫学活性的HER2蛋白,为HER2单克隆抗体的制备奠定了基础。     

Influence of magnetic field on hydrogen reduction and co-reduction in the Cu/CuSO4 system

The effects of an applied magnetic field of up to 5 T on hydrogen evolution and cathodic overpotential were studied for H₂SO₄ and an acidic Cu/CuSO₄ system. Cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and galvanostatic deposition as well as electrochemical noise measurements were used. The magnetic field simultaneously increases the rate of hydrogen evolution and modifies the hydrogen bubble size. The periodicity of bubble release from a microelectrode is strongly influenced by the field, which may change the characteristic frequency or make it aperiodic, depending on the field orientation relative to buoyancy. The magnetic field stabilizes a bubble growing on a microelectrode, especially at high current densities. For example, bubble volume increases by a factor four in 1.5 T when the Lorentz force acts downwards. The noise spectra around 1 kHz are characteristic of a coalescence phenomenon. Hydrogen co-reduction with copper was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the current efficiency was measured with a quartz crystal microbalance; at −1.0 V it decreases from 95% to 75% in a field of 1.5 T. Bubble release is no longer periodic, but the noise spectrum has a characteristic shape depending on whether the current density is greater than, equal to or less than the diffusion-limited copper current. The field reduces the roughness of the copper deposit, but the current efficiency can be maximized by controlling the system galvanostatically, which allows a high copper deposition rate at overpotential lower than 0.5 V in the applied field, with smooth deposit quality.     

Design of laser-induced graphene electrodes for water splitting

Efficient energy storage from intermittent renewables can rely on the conversion of temporary energy excess by alkaline electrolysis, yielding oxygen and green hydrogen, which can be stored and used on demand. Electrodes made of laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials offer many advantages over the traditional graphene processing routes, due to inherent simplicity and low cost-benefit. Despite poorly studied, LIG electrodes are promising for water splitting when properly doped/modified with metals. However, proper design and processing optimization should be considered. The present study is devoted to the laser processing effects on the LIG electrode performance towards water splitting in alkaline media. Promising guidelines were obtained for hydrogen production, showing high electrochemical activity, while the microstructural degradation can be minimised by selecting suitable laser processing conditions, such as 3.6 W of laser power, 100 mm/s of laser scan rate, 36 mJ/mm of energy density and 2 laser scans.     

Investigation of the catalytic activity of LaBO3 (B = Ni, Co, Fe or Mn) prepared by the microwave-assisted method for hydrogen evolution in acidic medium

LaBO₃ (B = Ni, Co, Fe and Mn) were prepared by microwave-assisted citrate method. The electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated. XRD characterization showed that pure perovskite crystals were indeed formed. SEM images showed that changing the type of the B-site metal ion affected the morphology of the prepared perovskites. The influence of the type of B-cation on the catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution was studied and the order of the electrocatalytic activity was LaFeO₃ > LaCoO₃ > LaNiO₃ > LaMnO₃, that was related to the calculated values of the activation energy 51.61, 45.37, 41.15 and 55.05 kJ mol⁻¹ for LaBO₃ (B = Ni, Co, Fe and Mn), respectively. The reaction order and the reaction mechanism for all the prepared perovskites were identified. In addition, the effect of the partial substitution at the B-site in LaNi_{1 − x}Co_xO₃ was also studied. It was found that among ternary perovskites, the catalytic activity of LaNiO₃ decreased by increasing the fraction of doped-Co.     

A study on the Co-W activated Ni electrodes for the hydrogen production from alkaline water electrolysis - Energy saving

Hydrogen is considered to be the most promising candidate as a future energy carrier. One of the most used technologies for the electrolytic hydrogen production is alkaline water electrolysis. However, due to high energy requirements of about 4.5-5 kWh/Nm³ H₂ in most industrial electrolysers, the cost of hydrogen produced in such a way is high. There are various attempts to overcome this problem, like zero-gap cell geometry, development of new diaphragm materials, development of new electrocatalytic materials for electrodes, etc.In continuous search to improve this process using advanced electrocatalytic materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), based on transition metal series, catalyst based of cobalt and wolfram was investigated as cathode material. On the basis of the results of our experiments, there is a strong indication that the Co-W catalyst reduces energy needs per mass unit of hydrogen produced for more than 20% in some cases. Objective of this work was to investigate the electrocatalytic efficiency using quasi-potentiostatic, galvanostatic and impedance spectroscopy techniques. Results are presented to show the Tafel slopes, the exchange current densities, the apparent energy of activation, the apparent electrochemical surface and the stability of Co-W catalyst. Results suggest to significant catalytic performance not only from the increase of the real surface area of electrodes, but also from the true catalytic effect of the Co-W catalyst.     

Active Targeting Using HER‐2‐Affibody‐Conjugated Nanoparticles Enabled Sensitive and Specific Imaging of Orthotopic HER‐2 Positive Ovarian Tumors

Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, ovarian cancer remains one of the most fatal cancer types. The development of targeted nanoparticle imaging probes and therapeutics offers promising approaches for early detection and effective treatment of ovarian cancer. In this study, HER‐2 targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are developed by conjugating a high affinity and small size HER‐2 affibody that is labeled with a unique near infrared dye (NIR‐830) to the nanoparticles. Using a clinically relevant orthotopic human ovarian tumor xenograft model, it is shown that HER‐2 targeted IONPs are selectively delivered into both primary and disseminated ovarian tumors, enabling non‐invasive optical and MR imaging of the tumors as small as 1 mm in the peritoneal cavity. It is determined that HER‐2 targeted delivery of the IONPs is essential for specific and sensitive imaging of the HER‐2 positive tumor since we are unable to detect the imaging signal in the tumors following systemic delivery of non‐targeted IONPs into the mice bearing HER‐2 positive SKOV3 tumors. Furthermore, imaging signals and the IONPs are not detected in HER‐2 low expressing OVCAR3 tumors after systemic delivery of HER‐2 targeted‐IONPs. Since HER‐2 is expressed in a high percentage of ovarian cancers, the HER‐2 targeted dual imaging modality IONPs have potential for the development of novel targeted imaging and therapeutic nanoparticles for ovarian cancer detection, targeted drug delivery, and image‐guided therapy and surgery.     

Fe-Mo-R (R = rare earth metal) crystalline alloys as a cathode material for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution

Ternary Fe-Mo-R (R = Rare Earth metal) crystalline alloys, Fe₇₅Mo₂₀Gd₅, Fe₇₅Mo₂₀Dy₅, Fe₇₅Mo₂₀Er₅ and Fe₇₅Mo₂₀MM₅ (MM = mischmetal: 50.2% Ce, 26.3% La, 17.5% Nd, 6.0% Pr, atomic %) have been characterized by means of microstructural and electrochemical techniques in view of their possible applications as electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The microstructure of the alloys was examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron probe microanalysis; XRD measurements were also performed. The electrochemical efficiency of the electrodes has been studied on the basis of electrochemical data obtained from steady-state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in 1 M NaOH solution at 298 K. The results were compared with those obtained on a binary Fe-Mo commercial alloy (Fe₈₀Mo₂₀, atomic %). Moreover, literature data concerning the electrocatalytic activity of the Ni₇₅Mo₂₅ and Co₇₅Mo₂₅ crystalline alloys, which are considered good electrocatalyst materials for the HER, were also reported for comparison. The microstructural features play a fundamental role in determining the electrocatalytic activity of the investigated alloys. The overall experimental data indicate that interesting electrocatalytic performances are displayed by the Fe₇₅Mo₂₀MM₅ electrode, which exhibits the highest activity towards the HER.     

人表皮生长因子受体HER2胞外近膜区基因的克隆及原核表达

目的克隆人表皮生长因子受体HER2胞外近膜区基因,原核表达并纯化重组蛋白。方法从人乳腺癌细胞系SK-Br3中扩增HER2胞外近膜区编码基因,克隆并测序后,插入原核表达质粒pET41d中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,并进行纯化。结果从SK-Br3细胞系中扩增出387bp的人HER2胞外近膜区基因;重组表达质粒pET41d/HER2构建正确;IPTG浓度为0.5mmol/L时,目的蛋白的表达量最高;纯化后重组蛋白浓度为1.5mg/ml。结论已成功表达了HER2胞外近膜区蛋白,为抗HER2单克隆抗体的制备提供了抗原。     

Ni/NiO@rGO as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for enhanced overall water splitting reactions

Herein, we fabricated bifunctional, noble metal-free, highly efficient nickel/nickel oxide on reduced graphene oxide (Ni/NiO@rGO) by chemical synthesis approach for electrochemical water splitting reaction. Its structural and morphological characterization using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) represents, Ni/NiO@rGO is having Ni/NiO NPs ∼10 nm (±2 nm) on graphene oxide with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. Moreover, the presence of Ni/NiO (2.26%), O (6.56%), N (0.74%) and C (90.44%) from EDAX analysis further confirms the formation of Ni/NiO@rGO and it also supported by FTIR studies. This nanocatalyst is examined further for electrocatalytic water splitting reactions (HER and OER). It demonstrated low overpotential 582 mV to achieve current density at 10 mA cm⁻² and smaller Tafel slope of 63 mV dec⁻¹ obtained in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ towards HER. Also, at the other end at onset potential of 1.6 V vs. RHE towards OER. It demonstrated low overpotential 480 mV to achieve current density at 10 mA cm⁻² and smaller Tafel slope of 41 mV dec⁻¹ in 0.5 M KOH towards OER observed. Hydrogen fuel is eco-friendly to the environment and noteworthy performance of earth-saving reactions.