Evaluation of pore structure and its influence on permeability and moisture damage in asphalt concrete

This study evaluates the pore structure of asphalt concrete (AC) samples by measuring the different components of pore space and their contributions to permeability and moisture damage. Three components of the total pore space namely permeable, dead-end and isolated pores are quantified using tracer test, which is a combination of permeameter and salt concentration measuring meter. Permeable pores become impermeable if an AC sample is compacted below 5% air voids. Permeable pores increase with an increase in sample radius. It is observed from this study that the permeable pore has a good correlation with permeability, whereas total pore shows a poor correlation with permeability. The effects of permeable and dead-end pores on moisture damage of asphalt concrete are evaluated using a moisture induced sensitivity testing device and the AASHTO T 283 method. It is observed that permeable and dead-end pores do not contribute to moisture damage of AC samples.     

Non‐destructive evaluation of fatigue damage and fatigue crack initiation in type 316 stainless steel by positron annihilation line‐shape and lifetime analyses

Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted using type 316 stainless steel. The fatigue tests were periodically terminated, and fatigue damage and fatigue crack initiation were non‐destructively and sequentially evaluated by positron annihilation line‐shape and lifetime analyses. The counter‐jig and anticoincidence methods were used for positron annihilation line‐shape and lifetime analyses, respectively, to enhance the analytical precision. The fatigue crack lengths were monitored by a plastic replication technique, and related to the parameters in both analyses. S‐parameter obtained in the line‐shape analysis increased with increasing fatigue damage, while it was difficult to detect fatigue crack initiation and subsequent small fatigue crack growth. That was because the precision of line‐shape analysis was limited. On the other hand, both fatigue damage and fatigue crack initiation were successfully detected by lifetime analysis. Positron annihilation lifetime also increased with increasing fatigue damage, and lifetime was longer at the notch root with fatigue crack than at the smooth section without crack. It was considered that the precision of lifetime analysis was high enough to detect high dislocation density areas at the fatigue crack tips.     

不同滑滚比下轮轨材料损伤行为

在MMS-2A滚滑试验机上采用法向载荷120N(模拟轴重16t),转速500r/min,研究京沪高速铁路用钢轨U71MnK和车轮ER8配副在不同滑滚比下的材料损伤行为。利用SEM,EDX对不同滑滚比下的磨痕及剖面形貌和磨损表面元素进行分析。结果表明:不同滑滚比下摩擦因数变化趋势反映材料损伤的过程;轮轨材料的硬化程度随滑滚比增加而增加;不同滑滚比条件下的损伤机制不同:在近似滚动条件下,轮轨材料损伤较轻,主要为氧化磨损和局部剥落。随着滑滚比增加,轮轨材料损伤逐渐发展为疲劳磨损为主,并伴随氧化磨损和磨粒磨损,且磨粒磨损程度随滑滚比的增加而增加。     

硫酸盐环境下混凝土裂缝矿物自愈合性能研究

研究了30%粉煤灰混凝土在4种预加载损伤程度下,于清水和5.0%硫酸盐环境中的裂缝矿物自愈合性能,并对其自愈合产物进行了微观测试。采用相对动弹模量和抗压强度的相对变化来表征裂缝自愈合程度,探讨了5.0%硫酸盐溶液、30%粉煤灰、4种预加载程度和4个自愈合养护龄期对混凝土裂缝矿物自愈合的影响。试验结果表明,5.0%硫酸盐在设计的自愈合养护龄期内可以促进预加载损伤混凝土相对动弹模量和抗压强度的恢复;无论清水还是硫酸盐养护溶液,只有预加载程度较大时,30%粉煤灰对混凝土相对动弹模量和相对抗压强度的恢复才有显著的促进作用;5.0%硫酸盐溶液养护环境中,混凝土自愈合后的相对动弹模量和相对抗压强度的恢复能力都随着预加载程度的增大而逐渐降低,在28d自愈合养护龄期结束后,其混凝土相对动弹模量趋于稳定;微观测试分析结果表明,5.0%硫酸盐环境中的混凝土裂缝矿物自愈合产物成分主要是碳酸钙和少量钙矾石。     

承水压混凝土结构损伤机理与渗透特性研究综述

研究承水压混凝土结构的损伤与渗透问题有利于地下工程结构的安全运营,譬如山岭隧道、城市地下结构等。从构成材料损伤理论框架的三个主要方面(场变量的定义、损伤演化方程、本构行为关系)系统地阐述混凝土的损伤机理,并宏细观地分析了混凝土损伤的基本特性。分析了水压下的混凝土渗透行为特性,并针对渗透对混凝土结构的破坏机理进行阐述。剖析混凝土渗流与混凝土损伤之间的耦合机理,建立了渗流-损伤耦合模型。     

2D-C/SiC复合材料偏轴拉伸力学行为研究

通过对2D-C/SiC复合材料试件进行不同偏轴角度的拉伸实验,研究了偏轴角度对材料拉伸力学特性的影响。通过应变片分别测得了材料加载方向和纤维束方向上的应力-应变行为,对比分析了偏轴角度对上述应力-应变行为的影响;并结合试件断口扫描电镜照片,阐释了纤维束方向上拉伸和剪切损伤间的相互耦合效应。实验结果表明,材料的拉伸模量和强度随偏轴角度的增大出现明显下降;材料纤维束方向上的拉伸损伤和剪切损伤具有显著的相互促进作用。最后,以材料0°拉伸和45°拉伸实验数据为基础,建立了材料的偏轴拉伸应力-应变行为预测模型,模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

蒸养温度效应及其对水泥基材料热伤损的影响＊

采用温度传感器测试了水泥基材料在标养和蒸养条件下温度的变化,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)及压汞(MIP)等方法,研究了水化产物和微结构的变化。结果表明,蒸养中试件表层首先开始升温,升温结束时表层温度比内部高约30℃;随后内部升温超过表层,恒温3h,内部温度比表层高约25℃。蒸养温度效应对水化产物的生成未产生较显著的影响,但对表层孔结构和微观形貌影响显著。蒸养结束时,试件表层的总孔隙率以及大于200nm的有害孔比例分别是内部的1.22倍和10.3倍;继续标养至28d时有效降低了总孔隙率,但大于200nm的有害孔比例仍为标养试件的1.6倍。     

Effect of warm mix additives on the interfacial bonding characteristics of asphalt binders

The quality of the interfacial bonding between asphalt binder and aggregates plays a significant role in determining the durability of asphalt mixtures. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) modifiers have been used extensively in the last decade primarily to reduce production and compaction temperatures as well as to improve workability of asphalt mixtures. This study aimed to provide better understanding of the effects of these WMA modifiers on the interfacial bonding between asphalt binders and aggregates. The evaluation focused on measuring surface energy of binders in unaged and aged states and aggregates and then calculating energy parameters that describe the potential of a given asphalt-aggregate combination to resist fatigue cracking and moisture damage. Results show that the combination of asphalt-WMA additive, as well as the content applied of WMA additive has a significant impact on the fatigue cracking and moisture damage resistance. The results suggest that it is poor practice to use a given type and percentage of WMA modifier without regard for binder type. Instead, test methods are recommended to evaluate the compatibility of asphalt binder, WMA additive type/content, and aggregates for improved performance at different conditions.     

新型军械装备损坏程度评估方法研究

根据新型军械装备损坏程度具有不确定性的特点,提出了基于D-S证据理论的新型军械装备损坏程度评估方法,并求出了新型军械装备损坏程度区分.通过对典型新型军械装备损坏程度的评估,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于ARM-Linux的钢丝绳损伤检测系统设计

针对现有钢丝绳检测系统实时性与适应性差、自动化程度低的问题,提出了一种基于ARM-Linux的高性能钢丝绳损伤检测系统的设计方案,详细介绍了该系统的硬件组成、工作原理、软件实现方法及实时采样曲线绘制的设计与实现。该系统结合嵌入式Linux技术和漏磁无损检测技术,可独立完成检测任务,实时显示检测波形,提高了检测效率。