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71.
G. LABEAS J. DIAMANTAKOS 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2006,29(5):365-371
Prediction of the coalescence of adjacent cracks is critical for residual strength estimation of structures under multiple site damage conditions. A methodology successfully developed for the case of crack link‐up prediction of un‐stiffened plates, is extended for the case of typical cracked stiffened aircraft panels. The proposed link‐up criterion is based on the change in the magnitudes of elastic and plastic strain energies of the stiffened panel, before and after the cracks coalesce. The strain energy magnitudes of interest are calculated using non‐linear elastic–plastic finite‐element analysis. For the application and verification of the method, experimental results from the open literature are used. Residual strength values calculated by the proposed methodology are in good agreement with the experimental results. The present criterion provides superior results when compared to the existing and commonly applied link‐up criteria. 相似文献
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在侧压分别为0.25fc和0.50fc及其组合条件下,进行了混凝土在多侧压下的受拉等幅与变幅疲劳试验,得到了疲劳累积极限应变和残余极限应变,建立了残余应变与疲劳次数关系方程,并给出了残余应变与循环次数关系曲线。根据残余应变的稳定性,也即不受加载历程的影响,主要与侧应力水平和相对疲劳次数有关,以残余应变与相应应力水平下的残余极限应变之比作为损伤变量,建立了损伤变量与疲劳次数关系的统一方程,并给出了损伤变量与疲劳次数关系曲线。同时,对单轴、单、双侧压下的混凝土受拉疲劳的累积极限应变和残余极限应变与相应应力条件下的静态峰值应变进行了比较,其结果是随着侧应力水平的增加,相应的极限应变增加,再次说明了侧应力水平的影响。静态峰值应变与相应条件下的疲劳累积极限应变接近,残余极限应变与静态峰值应变及疲劳累积极限应变的比值较为稳定,其变化区间在0.22~0.28之间,且两种比值之间相差0.0~0.2。最后,对Miner准则进行了改进,并根据所建立的损伤模型与改进的Miner准则,对变幅疲劳寿命进行了预测,其结果是较为合理的。 相似文献
74.
分析了电解槽侧部碳块破损的现象及原因,并提出了一些破损补救方法,以期对大型电解槽生产管理工作有一定帮助. 相似文献
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77.
Glenn Melissa J.; Lehmann Hugo; Mumby Dave G.; Woodside Barbara 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,119(3):806
The authors explored the possibility that there are different neural consequences, beyond the primary site of brain damage, following perirhinal cortex (PRh) lesions made in different ways. Fos expression was used as a marker for neuronal activation and compared across the forebrains of rats that underwent the different types of surgery. Electrolytic and excitotoxic PRh lesions produced dramatic increases in Fos expression in the cortex, and excitotoxic and aspiration PRh lesions increased Fos expression in the dentate gyrus. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that different lesion methods have separable effects on neural function in regions outside the lesion site that could account for inconsistencies in the literature regarding the behavioral effects of PRh lesions on tests of spatial memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
78.
Bulk forging is among the most important manufacturing methods in metal forming, due to its wide applicability from some ounces to several tons of steel in a high diversity of shapes and forming conditions. Economical constraints demand for further optimisation and cost‐effective production. This requires the application of suitable finite elements simulation software, in order to support the already digitalised construction processes. Ductile damage is one of the most severe problems to arise during the production sequences, not only in cold but also in semi‐hot forging operations. Mathematical approaches exist for the modelling and simulation of ductile fracture in steel. In this paper some widespread used damage models are introduced and discussed. Their damage prediction quality has been verified by experiments, the tensile test and the collar specimen upsetting with several different steels under cold and semi‐hot forging conditions. The methods for the experimental fracture detection are introduced as well. In cold forging the passive ultrasonic testing with integrated statistical filtering algorithms is used. As this method is not applicable to semi‐hot forging experiments, optical fracture detection by means of a high‐speed camera is used instead. A very interesting material behaviour of the steels tested has been identified in the semi‐hot upsetting of collar specimen. For every steel a distinct temperature crossover interval exists, in which the forging process abruptly changes from damaged to undamaged state. This interval amounts to some degrees Celsius only for each of the seven materials investigated. Among the damage models proposed, the Model of Effective Stresses by Lemaitre is chosen for the application to a cold and a semi‐hot forging operation. These industrial processes of an axle end (cold) and a journal bearing (semi‐hot) are susceptible to damage for reasons to be discussed in this paper. It will be shown that the internal fracture of the axle end (chevrons) and the surface fissures of the journal bearing can be predicted with high accuracy. Moreover, the application of the damage model in the finite element software MSC.SuperForm 2004 offers a promising approach for process optimisation. Several possibilities could be tested for their suitability of reducing the calculated damage: geometry variation of the forming tools, process annealing, different materials. The use of damage models in finite element simulation can be regarded as a further step towards an optimal process design. 相似文献
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80.
Compression-after-impact (CAI) strength of foam-cored sandwich panels with composite face sheets is investigated experimentally. The low-velocity impact by a semi-spherical (blunt) projectile is considered, producing a damage mainly in a form of core crushing accompanied by a permanent indentation (residual dent) in the face sheet. Instrumentation of the panels by strain gauges and digital speckle photography analysis are used to study the effect of damage on failure mechanisms in the panel. Residual dent growth inwards toward the mid-plane of a sandwich panel followed by a complete separation of the face sheet is identified as the failure mode. CAI strength of sandwich panels is shown to decrease with increasing impact damage size. Destructive sectioning of sandwich panels is used to characterise damage parameters and morphology for implementation in a finite element model. The finite element model that accounts for relevant details of impact damage morphology is developed and proposed for failure analysis and CAI strength predictions of damaged panels demonstrating a good correlation with experimental results. 相似文献