堰塞体溃决离心模型试验供水系统关键技术研究

堰塞体溃决洪水洪峰流量及洪水时程曲线特征的预测是堰塞湖应急抢险及下游风险控制方案制订的重要依据。堰塞体溃决的离心模型试验,在研究堰塞体溃决机理、溃决过程及溃决洪水的历时曲线特征方面独具优势,但离心模型试验供水系统的设计,涉及到从外部静止状态到高速旋转状态的模型中连续供水,同时还要保证堰塞体溃决过程中上游水位为设定的常水头,是堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中的关键性的一大难题。本文围绕以上难题,设计了一种环形水箱以解决从静态到动态模型的连续供水问题,通过理论分析,确定了环形水箱中可提前注入的最大水量。另外在试验箱设置了竖井式溢流口,可以排出高出设定常水头的水体,保证了上游水位的稳定。通过以上设计有效地解决了供水系统中的关键难题,并在后续堰塞体溃决离心模型试验中得到了验证。     

Performance Comparison of Long-Wave Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Between Dyson Form and Offner Form

In view of the difficulties in traditional long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer which is hard to realize a high signal-to-noise ratio and miniaturization as well under the weak remote sensing signal,Offner convex grating spectrometer and Dyson concave grating spectrometer,both having concentric structure,are designed and analyzed in the band of 8-12 μm. The diffraction angle expressions of the two spectrometers are obtained and the diffraction characteristics are acquired. Both of the spectrometers are designed in Zemax environment under different F-numbers and different grating constants with the same slit,spatial resolution,spectral resolution and detector. The results show that Dyson grating spectrometer possesses the advantages of higher throughput and smaller volume, and Offner grating spectrometer possesses the advantage of more accessible material and the absence of chromatic aberration. The differences between Dyson form and Offner form show that the former is a better choice in the long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer.     

等幅干湿循环条件下膨胀土的低应力抗剪强度特征

为研究膨胀土的真实强度特征,采用室内常规直剪试验,对等幅度干湿循环条件下的重塑膨胀土进行低应力抗剪强度测试。研究了重塑膨胀土低应力抗剪强度参数随循环次数、循环幅度的变化关系,并建立了包含初始含水率、循环幅度、干湿循环次数为变量的粘聚力的非线性特征函数。试验结果表明：在相同循环幅度和初始控制含水率下,膨胀土的粘聚力随循环次数的增加而衰减;在相同循环次数和初始控制含水率下,膨胀土的粘聚力随循环幅度的增加而衰减;内摩擦角与循环幅度和循环次数之间的关系无法用函数来表达;本文建立的非线性粘聚力衰减函数是利用室内简单试验得到的,可用来计算等幅度干湿循环条件下膨胀土的粘聚力。     

基于密文策略属性加密的云存储访问控制方案

针对现有方案存在的访问策略公开、密文存储开销较大的问题,提出一种支持策略隐藏且固定长度密文的云存储访问控制方案,并在安全模型下证明方案可抵抗选择明文攻击。方案中用户私钥由多个授权机构共同生成,中央授权机构不参与生成任何主密钥与属性私钥;访问结构隐藏在密文之中,恶意用户无法通过访问结构获取敏感信息。此外,方案实现了固定密文长度,并且加密时的指数运算和解密时的双线性对运算次数均是固定值。最后,理论分析和实验结果表明该方案在密文长度和加解密时间上都明显优于对比方案。     

基于STATCOM的自励异步发电机不对称负载控制

针对独立自励异步发电机(SEIG)加载后电压和频率聚降的问题,提出了一种带储能装置的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)对其进行并联补偿,以维持负载后机端电压和频率的稳定.基于自然坐标系的控制策略,实现STATCOM有功和无功的解耦控制,达到稳压稳频的目的.为了减小不对称负载电流对发电系统造成的危害,在三相参考电流中注入定子电流负序分量加以抑制.该控制策略在d SPACE+Quanser8实验平台上进行验证,结果表明,所采用的控制策略能有效提高异步发电机的负载能力和电能质量.     

窄粒级煤泥浮选经典动力学模型的改进

通过煤泥窄粒级浮选速率实验,以煤泥浮选一级动力学为基础,对煤泥浮选动力学的关键参数进行研究,包括最大可燃体回收率ε∞的计算、浮选级数n的确定、浮选速率常数K的变化.结果表明:浮选动力学模型中ε∞的经验解比模型解更符合实际;窄粒级煤泥的浮选动力学级数最符合一级动力学;窄粒级煤泥的浮选速率常数K是时间的函数,可用幂函数或经验公式表达,先求出ε∞的经验解,再求解K(t)函数,所得模型非常符合煤泥浮选特征的浮选动力学模型.     

Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress-strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.     

逐步增加定数截尾下Weibull 分布恒加试验的Bayes估计

基于逐步增加定数截尾样本,对累积失效模型(简称CE模型)下,Weibull分布恒定应力加速寿命试验(简称恒加试验)进行了Bayes统计分析,利用Gibbs抽样给出了该模型的Bayes估计。最后,通过模拟例子表明Bayes估计有效而实用。     

关于凸体覆盖的Hadwiger猜想

针对Hadwiger猜想这一凸和离散几何中持续了近60年的著名难题,回顾了这一猜想的提出,它的若干等价形式,以及前人在尝试解决这一猜想的过程中取得的阶段性进展.介绍了该猜想相关的若干研究问题及相应结果.结果表明:一方面,Hadwiger猜想仍是一个远未解决的公开难题;另一方面,围绕着Hadwiger猜想及其相关问题还有大量亟待完成的基础性研究工作。     

基于同步补偿法的精密温度测控系统设计

设计了一种高精度温度测控系统。在恒流源测温电路中接入基准电阻作为系统测温的零度基准,放大电路对基准电阻与铂电阻两端的电压差进行放大;采用同步补偿法,在测温电路中接入采样电阻以获取A/D转换所需的参考电压,消除了恒流源电流的波动对系统测温性能的影响;通过分段线性化的方法对铂电阻测温的非线性进行补偿。基于MAX1968构建了高集成度的TEC驱动电路,采用增量式PID控制算法实现高精度的温度控制。实验结果表明,系统测温标准差为0.024℃,控温精度为±0.119℃。