溴化锂吸收式制冷机的运行管理与维护

阐述了溴化锂吸收式制冷机的运行管理与维护。     

Surface Acidity of H-Beta and Its Catalytic Activity for Alkylation of Benzene with Propylene

The acidity of H-beta zeolites with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios ranging from 20 to 350 was characterized by NH₃-TPD profiles and FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine. As SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios of the H-beta zeolites increased, NH₃-TPD acidic amount of the samples is decreased. The IR bands of the adsorbed pyridine on the zeolites are also decreased with the increased SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios. The batch reaction of propylene and benzene was carried out in liquid phase at 423 K over H-beta zeolites. The selectivity to isopropylbenzene was high. The catalytic activity of H-beta zeolites is in direct proportion to the acidic amount of the zeolites in general. H-beta zeolite of SiO₂/Al₂O₃=27, which contains the highest amount of Brønsted acid sites as indicated by FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine, is the most reactive catalyst in the alkylation reaction. In continuous liquid-phase reactions, high propylene conversion and isopropylbenzene selectivity can be achieved at 413–453 K with benzene to propylene mole ratio from 4 to 8. The catalytic activity and selectivity of the H-beta zeolite do not change after 1100 h of reaction.     

6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺的合成及工艺优化研究

以5-溴-2-氟吡啶为起始原料,经取代、成环、偶联反应,合成医药中间体6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺,其结构经氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱进行结构表征证实。考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比、溶剂配比、催化剂用量等因素对目标产物收率的影响,结果表明：化合物6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺合成的最佳工艺条件为：温度40 ℃,时间15 min;化合物6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺合成的最佳工艺条件为：溶剂V（水）：V（二氧六环）=1.0：2.0,反应物物质的量比n（6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺）：n（苯硼酸）=1.0：1.2,催化剂用量n（6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺）： n（（Pd(pph3)2Cl2）=1.0：0.1,温度80 ℃。三步反应最终总收率为60%。     

Highly refractive polyimides containing pyridine and sulfur units: synthesis and thermal,mechanical, solubility and optical properties

Two series of isomers containing pyridine and sulfur unit aromatic diamine monomers, 4,4′‐bis(5‐amino‐2‐pyridinylsulfanyl)diphenyl sulfide ( 2a ), 4,4′‐bis(6‐amino‐3‐pyridinylsulfanyl)diphenyl sulfide ( 2b ) and 4,4′‐bis(5‐amino‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyridinylsulfanyl)diphenyl sulfide ( 2c ), 4,4′‐bis(5‐amino‐4‐methyl‐2‐pyridinylsulfanyl)diphenyl sulfide ( 2d ), were designed and synthesized. Aimed at clarifying the structure–property relationships of pyridine‐ and sulfur‐containing high refractive polymers, 2a was polymerized with various dianhydrides to prepare polyimides PI ‐1?PI ‐7 and 2b , 2c , 2d were reacted with 4,4′‐[p ‐thiobis(phenylenesulfanyl)]diphthalic anhydride to prepare polyimides PI ‐8?PI ‐10. The polyimides showed excellent optical properties with average refractive indices ranging from 1.7006 to 1.7620 and birefringence as low as 0.0056. Meanwhile, comparative studies on their properties including solubility, thermal and mechanical, and optical transparency properties were performed. Some property differences of the isomers caused by the sequence changes were found. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and characterization of novel polyimides derived from 4,4’-bis(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)benzophenone: effect of pyridine and ketone units in the main

A diamine monomer, 4,4’-bis(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)benzophenone, was designed and synthesized, and used to react with commercially different kinds of aromatic dianhydrides to prepare a series of polyimides containing pyridine and ketone units via the classical two-step procedure. Glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the resultant polyimides PI-(1–5) derived from 4,4’-bis(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy) benzophenone with various dianhydrides ranged from 201 to 310 °C measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The temperatures for 5%wt loss of the resultant polyimides in nitrogen atmosphere obtained from the thermogravimetric analysis curves fell in the range of 472–501 °C. The temperatures for 10%wt loss of the resultant polyimides in nitrogen atmosphere fell in the range of 491–537 °C. Meanwhile, the char yields at 800 °C were in the range of 55.3–60.8%. Moreover, the moisture absorption of polyimide films was measured in the range of 0.37–2.09%. The thin films showed outstanding mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 103–145 MPa, an elongation at break of 12.9–15.2%, and a tensile modulus of 1.20–1.88 Gpa, respectively. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the resultant polyimides were obtained among 26–62 ppm °C^?1. To sum up, this series of polyimides had a good combination of properties applied for high-performance materials and showed promising potential applications in the fields of optoelectronic devices.     

Highly optical transparency and thermally stable polyimides containing pyridine and phenyl pendant

In order to obtain highly optical transparency polyimides, two novel aromatic diamine monomers containing pyridine and kinky structures, 1,1-bis[4-(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]diphenylmethane (BAPDBP) and 1,1-bis[4-(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]-1-phenylethane (BAPDAP), were designed and synthesized. Polyimides based on BAPDBP, BAPDAP, 2,2-bis[4-(5-amino-2-pyridinoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPDP) with various commercial dianhydrides were prepared for comparison and structure-property relationships study. The structures of the polyimides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, wide-angle X-ray diffractograms (XRD) and elemental analysis. Film properties including solubility, optical transparency, water uptake, thermal and mechanical properties were also evaluated. The introduction of pyridine and kinky structure into the backbones that polyimides presented good optical properties with 91–97% transparent at 500 nm and a low cut-off wavelength at 353–398 nm. Moreover, phenyl pendant groups of the polyimides showed high glass transition temperatures (T_g) in the range of 257–281 °C. These results suggest that the incorporating pyridine, kinky and bulky substituents to polymer backbone can improve the optical transparency effectively without sacrificing the thermal properties.     

有机蒙脱土的制备表征及其对4-氯酚的吸附性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为有机化试剂,利用溶液插层法,通过控制CTAB的投加量成功制备了不同有机化程度的蒙脱土,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)对其结构进行了表征.以去除率(R)和吸附量(q)为评价指标,探讨了田口-灰色关联分析方法多目标优化有机蒙脱土对水中4-氯酚的吸附反应条件的可行性.考察了吸附动力学和吸附热力学行为.结果表明,CTAB成功插入到蒙脱土的片层间,有机蒙脱土的层间距随着CTAB投加量的增加而增大,CTAB在蒙脱土片层间的排列方式也由平卧单层和倾斜单层转为倾斜双层.田口-灰色关联分析可知,在以2倍蒙脱土离子交换容量制备的有机蒙脱土为吸附剂(CTM4)、4-氯酚溶液pH值为6、浓度为150 mg·L-1、固液比为0.6 g·L-1和反应时间90 min的条件下,可实现4-氯酚的去除率和吸附容量的同时优化,此时去除率和吸附容量分别为36.85%和91.07 mg·g-1.CTM4对4-氯酚的吸附更符合拟二级动力学方程,整个吸附过程可能是由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同作用的结果.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程均能较好地描述CTM4对4-氯酚的吸附行为.吸附过程的热力学参数表明,CMT4对4-氯酚的吸附是一个自发的放热反应.     

SOLVENT EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIA OF GALLIUM (III) WITH ACIDIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS NITRATE MEDIA

A comparative investigation on the solvent extraction equilibria of gallium(III) from aqueous nitrate media was conducted with three kinds of acidic organophosphorus compounds, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethyl-hexylphosphonic acid (EHEHPA) and di (2,4,4'-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (DTMPPA), in toluene at 303 K. It was found that gallium(III) is extracted as 1:4 metal:reagent complexes with D2EHPA and EHEHPA and as a 1:3 complex with DTMPPA in the region of low loading ratio while it is extracted as 1:3 complexes with all reagents at high loading ratio. The extraction equilibrium constants with these extractants were evaluated for the former complexes as follows: K_e = 2.3xl0^-2, 8.5xl0^-3 and 1.3xl0^-4 for D2EHPA, EHEHPA and DTMPPA respectively.     

Catalytic Activity of Cu/SBA‐15 for Peroxidation of Pyridine Bearing Wastewater at Atmospheric Condition

In this study, Cu‐loaded Santa Barbara amorphous (SBA)‐15 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method and further used for catalytic wet peroxidation (CWPO) of pyridine from aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The synthesized catalysts have been characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area: temperature‐programmed reduction, H₂‐chemisorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Characterization results indicate good dispersion of Cu species inside the porous structure of SBA‐15. The effect of various parameters such as Cu loading on SBA‐15, pH, catalyst dose, H₂O₂ concentration, and temperature have been studied for their effect on CWPO of pyridine. More than 97% pyridine removal and 92% total organic carbon removal was achieved at optimum condition. Cu/SBA‐15 showed stable performance during reuse for six cycles with negligible copper leaching. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2577–2586, 2013