1-溴乙基乙酸酯合成工艺研究

研究了用溴化氢溶液与乙酸乙烯酯反应生成1-溴乙基乙酸酯的合成工艺,考察了物料配比、反应时间、反应温度、萃取剂等对反应的影响,得出了1-溴乙基乙酸酯的最佳合成条件。当反应温度0~10°C,溴化氢和乙酸乙烯酯配比为1.2：1,反应时间1 h,用二氯甲烷作萃取剂时反应收率最高。产品经红外和质谱确定,气相色谱分析产品纯度达99.7%。     

3-甲硫基-1-丙醇的合成研究

研究了以 3 氯 1 丙醇和甲硫醇钠为原料 ,在相转移催化剂四甲基溴化铵的作用下 ,在 0℃下反应 1h ,然后升温至 30℃ ,并在此温度下反应 0 .5h ,合成了 3 甲硫基 1 丙醇 ,并用气相色谱、红外光谱和气质联用对其结构进行了确定。该方法工艺简单 ,条件温和 ,反应时间短 ,易于工业化 ,环境污染少 ,也适应于合成其他甲硫基化合物。     

Characterization of konjac glucomannan–quaternized poly(4‐vinyl‐N‐butyl) pyridine blend films and their preservation effect

Novel polymer blends were prepared from a mixture of 2 wt % konjac glucomannan and 4 wt % quaternized poly(4‐vinyl‐N‐butyl) pyridine (QPVP) in aqueous solution and dried at room temperature for 72 h. Their structure and properties were studied by infrared, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal stability in the dry state was reduced with increasing content of QPVP. Compared with QPVP film, the tensile strength of the films was improved in the dry state. The maximum value of 12.74% tensile break elongation was reached when the content of QPVP was 30%. Structural analysis indicated that clear phase separation was observed when the content of QPVP was only 50%. Results from the filmcoating preservation experiments with lychee showed that this blend film had water‐holding ability. The fruit weight loss rate and rot rate both decreased in various degrees. The potential uses of these novel polymer films could be as preservative films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1868–1875, 2004     

烷氧基羟丙基三甲基溴化铵/正丁醇/水体系的相行为

绘制了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(R12TAB)／正丁醇／水三元体系的相图，确定了不同区域的范围。用电导法测定了微乳液区域内由W／O型微乳液经双连续结构到O／W型微乳液的变化过程。用^2HNMR和差示扫描量热法(DSC)并与液晶纹理对照，研究了该体系的液晶结构特点。结果表明，固定R12TAB和正丁醇的比例，随含水量的增加，体系的液晶相结构发生如下变化，从层状液晶→层状与六角状液晶共存→层状、六角状与立方状液晶共存→层状液晶与微乳液共存。     

Gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) and a novel organic iodide salt for quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell

A gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) as polymer matrix and N-methyl pyridine iodide salt as I⁻ source was prepared. Controlling the concentration of polymer matrix of poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) at 17.5 wt.%, mixing the binary organic solvents mixture ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate with 6:4 (w/w), and the concentration of N-methyl pyridine iodide and iodine with 0.5 and 0.05 M, respectively, the gel polymer electrolyte attains the maximum ionic conductivity (at 30 °C) of 4.63 mS cm⁻¹. Based on the gel polymer electrolyte, a quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its overall energy conversion efficiency of light-to-electricity of 3.10% was achieved under irradiation of 100 mW cm⁻².     

多超声振子作用下气泡动力学数值模拟

超声对强化吸收制冷循环中发生器内溴化锂水溶液沸腾传热有重要意义,目前开展的相关研究较少,尤其多超声振子气泡动力学方面的理论尚未报道。为探究振子数量对溶液空化特性的影响,构建多振子气泡动力学模型,以纯水为例验证了模型准确性,探讨了不同影响因素对溶液空化特性的影响。模拟结果表明：总声强为1 W/cm²,振子数量由1增加至5时,空化气泡最大半径增加了44.12%,振子数量达到24～25个时,气泡最大半径增加率仅为1%;发生压力对空化效应的影响随着振子数量的增多而增大,单振子在吸收制冷系统的真空发生器更易产生稳态空化,而多振子更易在真空发生器内产生瞬态空化;多振子频率均匀度越小,空化强度越大,声强均匀度对空化强度的影响可忽略。     

LiNO3对高温高浓度LiBr溶液中碳钢的缓蚀机理

采用电化学法和化学浸泡法研究了高温65%LiBr+0. 07mol/L LiOH溶液中，LiNO3对碳钢腐蚀的影响.结果表明，随LiNO3浓度增加碳钢腐蚀 速率降低，复合添加150 mg/L Na2MoO4后，碳钢在100mg/L LiNO3时腐蚀速率出现最 小值.通过计算NO-3和MoO2-4还原平衡电极电位，发现NO-3优先还原形成 内层以Fe的氧化物为主的膜是由于NO-3具有较高的还原电极电位.LiNO3小于10 0 mg/L时，复合添加的MoO2-4在外层得以还原形成缺氧型MoO2，建立起稳定的双 层膜结构.当LiNO3浓度大于100 mg/L后，NO-3对膜层中MoO3优先侵蚀，加速Br- “楔入” 钝化膜历程，从而破坏了双层膜结构.     

LiBr溶液中4种缓蚀剂对磷脱氧铜协同效应研究

通过浸泡失重法和电化学方法研究了磷脱氧铜在含 4种缓蚀剂、沸腾除氧的 6 0 %LiBr溶液中的腐蚀行为 .结果表明 ,LiOH、Na2 MoO4和BTA无论单独还是以不同浓度复合添加都能提高Cu的耐蚀性 .复配LiOH后既有利于形成钝化膜 ,又促进CuBTA配合物的生成 ,而Na2 MoO4的还原产物MoO2 等氧化物又能参与形成钝化膜 .因而缓蚀效果优异 ,最优配比为 0 10mol/LLiOH 15 0mg/LNa2 MoO4 10 0mg/LBTA .NO-3 扩散速度慢 ,能增加点蚀倾向 ,且其还原反应受LiOH抑制 ,因而复配LiNO3 对抑制Cu的活性溶解效果不佳 .4种缓蚀剂对改善Cu的缓蚀效果依次为 :LiOH >BTA >Na2 MoO4>LiNO3 .     

Corrosion behavior of Fe-20Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys in Ar-H2O-HBr gas mixtures at 1000 K

Discontinuous mass-change measurements and corrosion-product analyses were made for Fe-20Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys after exposing them to Ar-H ₂ O-HBr gas mixtures at 1000 K for 24 hours. Predominantly chromia scales formed on both alloys. Upon cooling, the scales remained adherent to the Fe-20Cr alloy but spalled extensively from Ni-20Cr samples. After tests in HBr-rich gas mixtures, bromine-rich corrosion products were found underneath chromia scales on both alloys while nickel evaporation was observed from Ni-20Cr samples. Preoxidation of the Ni-20Cr alloy prior to exposure to Ar-H ₂ O-HBr gas mixtures increased chromia scale adherence but did not prevent nickel loss from the alloy. Chromia scales formed on the Fe-20Cr alloy were more protective due to the absence of iron oxides in the scale. Large NiO crystals formed over the Ni-20Cr alloy decreased chromia-scale adherence and increased nickel loss from the alloy due to the low stability of NiO in HBr-containing gas mixtures.     

F~-对钛在NaBr水溶液中阳极极化行为的影响

利用电化学方法研究了F对工业纯钛(TAl)在NaBr水溶液中阳极极化行为的影响。结果发现,F加速了钛表面膜的阳极溶解速度,减缓了膜的增厚,提高了孔蚀电位,但对再钝化电位无影响。