Risk Allocation and Risk Handling of Highway Projects in Taiwan

Risks always exist in construction projects and often cause schedule delay or cost overrun. Risk management is a key issue in project management. The first step of risk management is risk identification. It includes the recognition of potential risk event conditions in the project and the clarification of risk responsibilities. We conducted multiple-case studies using a systematic analytical procedure to identify risks in highway projects in Taiwan, to recognize risk allocation by contract clauses, and to analyze the influence of risk allocation on the contractor’s risk handling strategies. The results show that the owner allocates risks by stipulating specific contract clauses into five kinds of risk allocation conditions. If a risk is more controllable by the contractor, the owner has a greater tendency to allocate the risk to the contractor. Risk allocation determines which kinds of risks the contractor would take and influences the contractor’s risk handling decisions. The analysis furthermore indicates that, if the probability of a certain risk event condition is uncontrollable, then with the increasing possibility of taking the risk, the contractor’s tendency of risk handling changes from actively transferring the risk to passively retaining the risk. In contrast, if a risk is controllable and certainly allocated to the contractor, the contractor tends to take the initiative to reduce the impact caused by the risk event rather than retain the risk.     

HSE管理体系认证审核的要点

企业所建立的HSE管理体系已运行多年,大多满足认证的条件,HSE体系认证是体系运行的重要环节,也是体系运行绩效的肯定。审核时要面对大量的体系文件和作业记录,因此把握住审核要点会起到事半功倍的效果。     

Determination of the total concentration and speciation of Al(III) in tea infusions

The aluminium species in different tea infusions were investigated, by determining their stability constants and concentration. This was done for some particular samples using a simple experimental method based on the sorption of aluminium on the strongly sorbing resin Chelex 100, by a batch procedure. From the thermodynamic information obtained it is possible to calculate the concentration of the different species, and in particular that of the free metal ion, which is very important for evaluating the adsorption of aluminium on biological membranes. It was found that aluminium in the tea infusions here considered is present at high total concentration, approximately 0.1 mM, but mainly linked to strong complexes, for instance with side reaction coefficient higher than 10(5.11) at pH 3.95 in one case (tea 1). This could be the reason for the low toxicity of aluminium in tea. These strong complexes were not dissociated even in the presence of Chelex 100. In this case only a limiting value of the reaction coefficient could be evaluated. The presence of the very strong complexes was found in all the tea sample here considered. In two of the considered samples (one black and one green tea) a part of Al(III) was linked to less strong complexes, for example with a reaction coefficient 10(4.14) (tea 2, pH 4.20). The presence in the considered tea infusions of other substances able to complex aluminium was also detected, by the well known ligand titration procedure, at concentration ranging from 0.65 to 3.37 mM in three tea infusions, and at somewhat higher concentration in the case of the ready drink, which was also considered for comparison.     

电解防污用开关恒流源初探

对新研制的两种电解防污开关恒流源所采用的不同逆变器、开关功率管、直流工作电源及取样方式的工作状态、工作特性进行了分析比较。在研制过程中，重点解决了恒流电源工作的安全可靠性、稳定性、抗干扰能力及输出范围宽等问题。     

液态金属钠高温沸腾实验回路应力分析与强度计算

本文主要完成了液态金属钠高温沸腾实验回路的应力分析与计算，确定了回路高温区连接管系的布置型式和支吊架系统，是该回路总体设计的重要组成部分。     

Autoregressive modelling in vector spaces: An application to narrow-bandwidth spectral estimation

A generalisation of the Burg algorithm to vector spaces is described. This can be used to subsample time series that have narrow frequency bandwidth, thereby reducing the computation time and the complexity of the autoregressive model required. The technique is preferable to conventional subsampling.     

岩石高速冲击实验的最新进展

根据１９８３～１９９０年国际联机检索资料，说明了近１０年来有关ＳＨＰＢ（ＳＨＢ）研究的最新发展，并提出了我国有关ＳＨＰＢ研究的几点建议。     

NMR characterization of penetrants in high permeability polymers

Spectra of xenon-129 sorbed into two high permeability polymers are reported. The polymers are the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole as well as poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne). At room temperature, the xenon-129 shifts are smaller than in conventional glassy polymers. The smaller xenon-129 shift indicates the presence of larger sorption sites in high permeability polymers relative to conventional polymers. The temperature dependence of solubility in these polymers is drastically different from the behavior in conventional polymers. There is a rapid exponential increase in solubility in high permeability polymers as temperature decreases corresponding to a large negative enthalpy change on sorption and it is this increase in solubility which leads to a large increase in shift with decreasing temperature. Pulse field gradient (PFG) determinations of the self-diffusion constant are made for xenon, propane, pentane and a decafluoropentane in the copolymer. Rapid diffusion is observed as well as a dependence of the apparent diffusion constant on the time scale of the PFG experiment. The translational mobility of smaller simpler moieties depends less on the time scale or equivalently, the length scale of observation in the PFG NMR experiment. For larger, more complex species, the interconnectedness of high free volume domains plays a role in reducing the apparent diffusion constant as the time of measurement increases.     

十万立方米储罐用高强钢SPV490Q的冬季焊接施工

通过对高强钢焊接性能的分析 ,提出了高强钢冬季焊接施工带来的问题及处理办法。可靠的焊前预热和焊后保温是确保冬季焊接施工质量的关键措施