Homogeneous Catalyzed Ozone Decomposition in the Presence of Co(II).

The homogeneous decomposition of ozone in the presence of a Co(II) catalyst has been investigated in aqueous solution. Under the conditions investigated (Co(II) concentration: 0.0 – 2.0?ppm, pH: 1.6- 8.4, O₃ concentration: 5 10^?5 – 2.0 10⁴?M) the process can be assumed to follow pseudo first order kinetics with respect to ozone. Cobalt concentration dependency also obeys first order kinetics although it may be considered to reach a steady state concentration. pH exerts a positive influence on the decomposition rate from 1.6 to 7.1, the process leveling off at pH 8.4. An Arrhenius analysis of the temperature effect gave a moderate activation energy of the global reaction (E=10917?cal mol^?1). A more detailed radical mechanism than a simple pseudo first order reaction can be postulated for simulation purposes. By numerical optimization of some unknown kinetic constants the influence of several operating variables can be adequately predicted.     

同时发生初次和二次成核且为聚结控制的沉淀过程多定态及稳定性分析

The possibility of multiplicity in an isothermal continuous mixed suspension-mixed product removal crystallizer is explored using the bifurcation theory.A process involving agglomeration controlled precipitation is considered in which secondary nucleation occurs simultaneously with primary nucleation.The determinant equations for the existence of multiple steady states are developed and the multiplicity boundaries dependent on the physical and kinetic properties and operational parameters of the process are obtained by resolving these determinant equations.The number of steady states in the precipitator for various multiplicity regions is determined and the linear stability of these steady states is analyzed by using the Routh criterion.     

酸性铵盐沉钒条件实验研究

以温度、时间、搅拌强度为变量，以沉淀率、抽滤后滤饼含水量、烘干后多钒酸铵(APV)中杂质含量等作为评价指标，对酸性铵盐沉钒条件进行了研究. 结果表明：以含钒30 g/L左右的溶液为原料，加硫酸铵后用硫酸调节pH至2.2左右，沸水浴(95℃)中沉淀120 min左右，桨式搅拌转速300 r/min，可获得99%以上的沉淀率，抽滤滤饼含水量20%以下，烘干后APV含Na 0.70%~ 1.08%, S 0.78%~1.20%.     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌和片状氧化锌粉体

以氯化锌、尿素为原料 ,采用均匀沉淀法在一定条件下制备得到纳米级氧化锌粉体。并以TEM、SEM、XRD等测试手段对产物的粉体结构、形貌进行了研究。结果表明 ,在 2 0 0℃下热处理得到的氧化锌粉体结晶性能良好 ;在较大的反应物浓度及反应物浓度比下可以得到较小的晶体粒径 ,平均为 2 0nm ,且分散性好 ;在较小的浓度及较小的浓度比下得到的晶体粒径较大 ,并呈片状生长。阐述了浓度对于粒径大小的影响并得出片状氧化锌微晶生长的最佳条件。     

液相合成纳米氧化锌及其光催化性能探讨

以硝酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,分别以水和醇作为溶剂,采用液相直接沉淀法合成纳米氧化锌。在以水为反应溶剂条件下,研究了反应时间、反应温度、反应物浓度和反应物配比对纳米氧化锌中位径和形貌的影响,得到制备较小中位径及合适长径比纳米氧化锌的最优反应条件,即:反应时间为3 h、反应温度为70 ℃、锌离子浓度为0.5 mol/L、锌离子与氢氧根浓度比为1:2。在上述最优反应条件下,研究了不同醇溶剂对纳米氧化锌中位径、形貌及其光催化性能的影响。研究发现,随着溶剂碳链长度的增长,纳米氧化锌中位径呈现上下波动,无明显变化规律,形貌由球状向柱状发展,光催化性能总体不断减弱。     

均匀沉淀法制备AI／ZnS复合粒子

介绍了以硫代乙酰胺(TAA)和乙酸锌[Zn(Ac)2]为主要原料，在片状铝粉表面包覆一层ZnS，制备出包覆式复合粒子Al／ZnS，改变母粒子Al粉的加入量及反应温度，确定制备包覆完全致密复合粒子的最佳条件，通过SEM、XRD及粒度测试等分析方法对复合粒子进行表征。     

Influence of the preparation conditions on the properties of gold catalysts for the oxidation of glucose

In this work, two deposition–precipitation methods for the preparation of gold catalysts for glucose oxidation were investigated. Thus far, gold colloids immobilized on carbon have been used for catalytic glucose oxidation, but the long-term stability of these systems was not sufficient. To improve the long-term stability we used the deposition–precipitation methods using NaOH (DP NaOH) or urea (DP urea) as precipitation agents as they were described by Haruta and Dekkers, respectively, using alumina as a support material. With these methods, it was possible to prepare highly active and selective catalysts which showed an excellent long-term stability. DP urea was found to be the preferred method, because in contrast to DP NaOH, no losses of gold occurred during the preparation, and it was possible to adjust various gold contents up to 10 wt% Au.     

结晶垢结垢过程的传热传质模型

通过对结晶垢结垢过程传热传质机理的分析,证明了垢层表面温度随时间的变化会对结垢过程产生重大影响.据此提出了考虑垢层表面温度变化的描述结垢过程的传热传质模型.对恒壁温和恒热流条件下的结垢过程进行了详尽的分析和讨论.结果表明,对恒壁温情况必须考虑垢层表面温度随时间的变化,这一变化是导致结垢过程渐近特性的重要原因之一;而对恒热流情况,垢层表面温度随时间的变化很小,可以忽略它所带来的对结垢过程的影响.与实验数据比较表明,模型预测是正确可靠的.     

Precipitation and stability of reversed austenite in 9Ni steel

A new method was used to analyze the factors affecting the precipitation of reversed austenite during tempering. The samples were kept at various tempering temperatures for 10 min and their length changes were recorded. Then, the precipitation of reversed austenite which led to the length reduction was shown by thermal expansion curves. The results show that the effects of process parameters on the precipitation of reversed austenite can be determined more accurately by this method than by X-ray diffraction...     

Influence of isothermal aging onσprecipitation in super duplex stainless steel

The time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curve of the 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N duplex stainless steel was obtained with a Formastot-digital thermal dilatometer,and the influence of isothermal aging on σ precipitation was studied by metallographic observation,X-ray diffraction (XRD),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that the decomposition of ferrite phase is accompanied by the formation of σ phase at 750-1000℃,especially in the range of 800-900℃.The longer the aging time,the higher the amount of σ precipitation.The area fraction of various phases remains at a certain value upon the completion of ferrite deformation.The temperature of 850℃ is the most sensitive transaction temperature,the incubation time for the formation of o precipitation is less than 1 min,and aging for 20 min leads to the complete transformation of ferrite.The o phase is formed preferentially at the α/α/γ junction,and then grows along the α/α boundary in the matrix.