二流量试井工艺及资料解释分析方法

描述了二流量试井工艺的实现，从常规分析和双对数曲线拟合两上方面，给出了二流量试井的资料解释分析方法，分析认为二流量试井同样可以计算出正常关井测压力恢复（或压力降落）资料所解释的油藏及流体参数。这种试井方法不但可以减少因正常关井测压对产油量和注水量的影响，而且可以减缓因突然关、开井造成的套管变形或损坏。实践证明，该试井技术方法具有较好的经济效益和应用前景。     

GEOLOGICAL MODEL EVALUATION THROUGH WELL TEST SIMULATION: A CASE STUDY FROM THE WYTCH FARM OILFIELD, SOUTHERN ENGLAND

This paper presents an approach to the evaluation of reservoir models using transient pressure data. Braided fluvial sandstones exposed in cliffs in SW England were studied as the surface equivalent of the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone, a reservoir unit at the nearby Wytch Farm oilfield. Three reservoir models were built; each used a different modelling approach ranging in complexity from stochastic pixel‐based modelling using commercially available software, to a spreadsheet random number generator. In order to test these models, numerical well test simulations were conducted using sector models extracted from the geological models constructed. The simulation results were then evaluated against the actual well test data in order to find the model which best represented the field geology. Two wells at Wytch Farm field were studied. The results suggested that for one of the sampled wells, the model built using the spreadsheet random number generator gave the best match to the well test data. In the well, the permeability from the test interpretation matched the geometric average permeability. This average is the “correct” upscaled permeability for a random system, and this was consistent with the random nature of the geological model. For the second well investigated, a more complex “channel object” model appeared to fit the dynamic data better. All the models were built with stationary properties. However, the well test data suggested that some parts of the field have different statistical properties and hence show non‐stationarity. These differences would have to be built into the model representing the local geology. This study presents a workflow that is not yet considered standard in the oil industry, and the use of dynamic data to evaluate geological models requires further development. The study highlights the fact that the comparison or matching of results from reservoir models and well‐test analyses is not always straightforward in that different models may match different wells. The study emphasises the need for integrated analyses of geological and engineering data. The methods and procedures presented are intended to form a feedback loop which can be used to evaluate the representivity of a geological model.     

Thermal Monitoring of Self-Checking Systems

With the increasing power density in integrated systems resulting from scaling down, the occurrence of field failures due to overheating has considerably increased. Faulty operation can be prevented by on-line temperature monitoring. This paper deals with questions of on-line temperature monitoring in safety-critical systems. First the possible temperature sensors are reviewed and basic principles of self-checking systems including such sensors are detailed, then a new temperature sensor cell with extremely good parameters designed especially for DfTT applications is presented. The basic questions of integrating thermal sensors into self-checking systems are also discussed.     

用于疏通油水井的脉冲放电技术

评价了各种不同的解堵技术，指出冲击波解堵是一种很有发展前途的技术。介绍了液中脉冲放电产生冲击波的基本原理，并由此研制出了一套井下脉冲放电油水井处理设备样机。通过现场试验，表明用冲击波疏通油井能较好地解除油井污染，提高采收率。     

浅谈试验室对混凝土拌合站的质量管理

从水泥、粗细集料、水、外加剂等方面阐述了试验室对拌合站所用原材料的质量控制，论述了试验室对拌合站计量设备的质量管理，并对拌合站混凝土的质量控制、混凝土试件制作等方面进行了介绍，以真正的管理好混凝土拌合站。     

可燃气体检测报警系统的分析和检修

分析可燃气体检测报警系统的组成和检修方法，并列举了根据故障现象进行分析和检修的实例。     

Current ISI and monitoring technologies in European energy industries

This paper reviews available information on the state of practice of inservice material property monitoring performed in European energy industries. Current practice includes a range of standard nondestructive testing and monitoring methods, improved remote sampling and surveillance specimen testing, and new monitoring techniques which are emerging from ongoing development programs. These new technologies include ultrasonic, positron annihilation, neutron diffraction, and magnetic techniques.     

The integral experiment on beryllium with D-T neutrons for verification of tritium breeding

A clean benchmark experiment on beryllium was performed with D-T neutrons at the FNS facility of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The main objective was to verify the integral data related to the tritium production on lithium isotopes. Tritium production rates, as well as activation reaction rates were measured inside the beryllium assembly that was shaped as a pseudo-cylindrical slab with an area-equivalent diameter of 628 mm and a thickness of 355 mm. Experimental results were analyzed with a three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport code MCNP-4C and FENDL/MC-2.0, JENDL-3.2/3.3 neutron transport libraries. Evaluation of reaction rates was based on the cross section data taken from the JENDL Dosimetry File and ENDF B-VI data libraries. Analysis shows that all calculation combinations (transport and activation cross section libraries) used for evaluation of reaction rates give data that is agreeable with measured values within 10%.     

Diagnostic Data Compression Techniques for Embedded Memories with Built-In Self-Test

A system-on-chip (SOC) usually consists of many memory cores with different sizes and functionality, and they typically represent a significant portion of the SOC and therefore dominate its yield. Diagnostics for yield enhancement of the memory cores thus is a very important issue. In this paper we present two data compression techniques that can be used to speed up the transmission of diagnostic data from the embedded RAM built-in self-test (BIST) circuit that has diagnostic support to the external tester. The proposed syndrome-accumulation approach compresses the faulty-cell address and March syndrome to about 28% of the original size on average under the March-17N diagnostic test algorithm. The key component of the compressor is a novel syndrome-accumulation circuit, which can be realized by a content-addressable memory. Experimental results show that the area overhead is about 0.9% for a 1Mb SRAM with 164 faults. A tree-based compression technique for word-oriented memories is also presented. By using a simplified Huffman coding scheme and partitioning each 256-bit Hamming syndrome into fixed-size symbols, the average compression ratio (size of original data to that of compressed data) is about 10, assuming 16-bit symbols. Also, the additional hardware to implement the tree-based compressor is very small. The proposed compression techniques effectively reduce the memory diagnosis time as well as the tester storage requirement.     

Trace,failure and testing equivalences for communicating processes

A basic question in the theory of communicating processes is “When should two processes be considered equivalent?”. Attempts to answer this question have led to the concepts of observation equivalence, bisimulations, testing equivalence, failure equivalence, etc. The main point of this paper is to increase the understanding and motivation for two of these equivalences, namely failure and testing equivalences. The approach starts with the idea that the equivalence of processes should be reducible to the visible sequences of actions which a process performs in various contexts. This idea is implemented by a string-based semantic order for communicating processes where divergence is catastrophic. Under some assumptions about contexts, the resulting semantics is shown to be equivalent to theimproved failure semantics of Brookes and Roscoe⁽¹⁾ and also to themust testing-semantics of Hennessy and DeNicola.^(2–4) This characterization gives independent support for the appropriateness of failures and testing.