Effects of depressive symptoms on health behavior practices among older adults with vision loss.

Objective: The authors examined the interface between visual impairment and depressive symptoms on health behaviors, self-care, and social participation among adults ages 65 and older. Method: The authors analyzed data from the 1997–2004 National Health Interview Survey on visual impairment and depressive symptoms for 49,278 adults ages 65 and older, comparing visually impaired adults (n = 8,787) with and without depressive symptoms with a reference group of adults with neither condition (n = 3,136) for outcome measures: physical health, health behaviors, and difficulties with self-care and social participation. Results: Adults with visual impairment and severe depressive symptoms were more likely than adults with neither condition to smoke (14.9%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6), be obese (28.2%, AOR = 1.9), be physically inactive (80.5%, AOR = 3.0), have fair–poor health (76.0%, AOR = 26.5), and have difficulties with self-care (27.9%, AOR = 11.8) and social participation (52.1%, AOR = 10.9). Discussion and Conclusions: Older visually impaired adults with depressive symptoms are vulnerable to health decline and further disablement without timely interventions that target smoking cessation, healthy eating, and increased physical activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Data collection and assessment of commonly consumed foods and recipes in six geo-political zones in Nigeria: Important for the development of a National Food Composition Database and Dietary Assessment

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to collect and assess commonly consumed foods/recipes from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria for the production of food composition database (FCDB) for dietary assessment. Communities used were selected using a multi-stage sampling plan. Focus group discussions, interviews, recipe documentation, food preparations and literature reviews were employed. Qualitative methods were used to analyse and present data. SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis was used to evaluate the project. A total of 322 recipes were collected out of which 110 were soups. Food consumption patterns across the geographical zones were found to be changing. Variations in recipes and methods of preparation of similar foods were observed. Factors to be considered in the development of a country-specific FCDB were identified. There were challenges with the use of values reported in literature for Nigerian foods. The study justifies the need for a country-specific FCDB that will include traditional recipes.     

ICF实验中球靶表面光强分布模拟程序的开发

在ICF实验中,激光光路参数的设定是关键之一。本程序是基于Windows在Cbuilder环境下用C^＋＋编写的,模拟给出打靶后球靶表面的光强分布情况可以给实验人员在打靶前调整激光参数做参考,对ICF实验提高效率很有帮助;经过适当改进也可以方便用于其他靶型。     

D-T Neutron Measurements on Gekko XII Laser Inertial Fusion Plasmas by Multi-Activation Foil Method

The Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (CSBEP) was initiated in 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The project quickly became an international effort as scientists from other interested countries became involved. The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) is now an official activity of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development-Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA).

“International Handbook of Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments” was prepared and is updated yearly by the working group of the project. This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at various nuclear criticality facilities around the world. However, the handbook lacks criticality data of 20 wt%-enriched uranium fuel. The author proposes to make benchmark specifications derived from, modern research reactors in Asia. Future evaluations of these reactors will facilitate to fill the “enrichment gap”.     

大口径光学元件透射率全口径检测系统研究

提出了利用双光束分光光度和扩束系统相结合方法实现光学元件透射率全口径检测,建立了相应的检测系统,通过实验对系统的透射率检测精度进行分析和验证。结果表明,系统透射率检测精度优于±0.05%,并具有很好的重复性,能够用于ICF系统中大口径光学元件透射率的高精度、全口径检测。     

用于测量软X射线能量角分布的多路纳秒门控积分器

介绍了纳秒量级的门控积分器。多路积分器采用模块化结构设计，每路门完全导通的时间约为７ｎｓ，用信号源信号作输入，积分非线性不超过２．９％，在“星光”装置上的性约束为实验中，每路门控积分器测量结果，与示波器积分测量结果对比，最大误差不超过满量程的３．３％。     

Condensed Atomic Hydrogen as a Possible Target in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)

H atom Rydberg matter (RM) in excitation state n = 1 is concluded to be a form of metallic hydrogen [Badiei S, Holmlid L (2004) J Phys Condens Matter 16:7017]. This material can be produced at low pressure. This condensed form of hydrogen may be very useful as a dense hydrogen inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target, being almost metallic and ten times denser than solid (frozen) diatomic hydrogen used at present. Coulomb explosions and plasma formation are initiated in condensed atomic hydrogen even by relatively weak nanosecond pulsed lasers. The protons emitted with high directivity in these explosions are energetic, corresponding to T = 10⁵ K, and they may be utilized to give strong compression of the material. The fastest protons observed at up to 1 keV indicate a compression considerably higher than that required for “fast ignition” fusion.     

KDP晶体全外围夹持方案理论分析

在超大超薄KDP晶体紧密装校过程中,由于夹持力与重力作用,导致晶体面形发生形变.本文提出了KDP晶体全外围夹持方案,并对KDP晶体垂直状态下的各种受力模型进行应变分析.理论分析结果表明:对称支撑与均匀施力对晶体面形影响较大;当满足对称支撑和均匀施力的情况下,上侧面四个胶钉施力小于25N时,能够满足在线物理实验要求.     

齐聚体法三聚氰胺-甲醛气凝胶的制备与表征

以分子量为432的齐聚体甲氧基聚氧亚甲基蜜胺为原料,正丁醇为溶剂,经过溶胶-凝胶、超临界干燥制得MF气凝胶。与制备三聚氰胺-甲醛(MF)气凝胶的单体法相比,齐聚体法具有制备周期短、操作简易等优点。采用SEM、BET、FT-IR、TGA对样品进行表征,结果表明,齐聚体法与单体法相比,化学结构与热稳定性保持一致,比表面积有所增大,形貌优良,粒径和孔径分布比单体法更加均匀。     

惯性约束聚变靶用空心玻璃微球的干凝胶法制备技术

干凝胶法是我国目前制备惯性约束聚变(ICF)靶用空心玻璃微球(HGM)的主要方法,其制备的HGM可在较宽的范围内满足ICF物理实验的要求。从干凝胶粒子/微球的溶胶-凝胶法制备技术和HGM的炉内成球原理出发,系统综述了近三十年来ICF靶用HGM干凝胶法制备技术研究的相关报道,分析总结了干凝胶法制备技术在HGM成分设计、元素掺杂、直径及球形度、壁厚及均匀性、耐压强度、渗透性能、表面粗糙度、性能一致性等方面的技术现状及难点,对干凝胶法制备HGM技术的瓶颈性问题及可能的解决方案进行了讨论。