镍铬眼镜框架材料的研究及应用

本文介绍了一种眼镜架用新型Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金，并对它的制造方法、成分配制、机械性能、抗腐蚀性能和抗高温软化性能进行了系列研究和实验。结果表明：该合金的主要性能指标均优于国内常用的眼镜框架材料。经镜架工厂试用后认为该材料适合于制作各类高档眼镜架。     

Optimal design of a welded I-section frame using four conceptually different optimization algorithms

The purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of four conceptually different optimization algorithms for specifically the optimal design of welded I-section frames. The cost function to be minimized is the volume of the frame. Constraints on lateral-torsional buckling as well as local buckling of the beam and column webs and flanges are taken into consideration. The algorithms evaluated include a genetic algorithm, a novel leap-frog gradient method without line searches, as well as an orthogonal search method requiring no gradients and the differential evolution technique. Received September 26, 2001 RID="*" ID="*"Part of this paper was presented at the World Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, June 4–8 2001, Dalian, China     

A comparison of simulated annealing and genetic algorithm for optimum design of nonlinear steel space frames

In this article, two algorithms are presented for the optimum design of geometrically nonlinear steel space frames that are based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithm. The design algorithms obtain minimum weight frames by selecting suitable sections from a standard set of steel sections such as the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) wide-flange shapes. Stress constraints of AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and AISC Allowable Stress Design (ASD) specifications, maximum (lateral displacement) and interstorey drift constraints, and also size constraints for columns were imposed on frames. The algorithms were applied to the optimum design of three space frame structures, which have a very small amount of nonlinearity. The unconstrained form of objective function was applied in both optimum design algorithms, and constant penalty factors were used instead of gradually increasing ones. Although genetic algorithm took much less time to converge, the comparisons showed that the simulated annealing algorithm yielded better designs together with AISC-LRFD code specification.     

计算机动画关键帧插补技术综述

对计算机辅助动画制作过程中关键帧的插补技术进行了研究。线性插值法通过给定的起始帧和结束帧对应点之间的直线距离算出中间插值帧。移动点约束条件插补法利用随时间空间变化的曲线与彩体上的点相关联，来控制关键帧上对应控制点的轨迹以厦动态特征。骨架插补法是将图形抽象成骨架，然后进行插补。     

变电构架中无加劲肋法兰节点有限元分析

运用有限元软件ANSYS对变电构架中常用的无加劲肋法兰进行了非线性数值分析.揭示了无加劲肋法兰节点在拉弯荷载作用下的受力特点和应力分布,比较了不同法兰盘厚度的节点在相同荷载作用下的螺栓内力,并分析了法兰盘刚度影响无加劲肋法兰节点受力性能的原因.     

耗能梁段的构造对K型偏心支撑钢框架受力性能的影响

对具有不同加劲肋间距和厚度的K型偏心支撑钢框架的滞回性能与耗能梁段的破坏模式进行了非线性有限元分析,结果表明:腹板加劲肋可加强腹板的抗剪刚度,阻止或延缓对角拉伸带的形成,同时减少由于腹板反复屈曲变形所产生的刚度和承载力退化,使耗能梁段的耗能能力能够得以充分发挥.厚度较小的加劲肋对耗能梁段腹板的受剪刚度和屈曲后的强度贡献亦较小,其在耗能梁段腹板达到剪切屈服时不能有效地阻止腹板屈曲变形的发展,最终导致框架的耗能性能下降,而加劲肋过厚则对框架的受力性能无明显改善.并根据有限元模拟结果对耗能梁段的构造提出了设计建议.     

Lessons learned from the testing of RC frames with masonry infills and proposals for new solutions / Untersuchungen an mit Mauerwerk ausgefachten Stahlbetonrahmen und neue Lösungsvorschläge

Past experience has shown that inadequate design of unreinforced masonry walls (URM) or inadequate selection of materials can lead to significant economic losses and fatalities in the case of a strong earthquake. In this context, this paper presents the experimental research that has been carried out with the aim of gaining a better insight into the traditional masonry infill walls commonly built in Portugal. The experimental research includes: (1) shaking table tests on reduced‐scale reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infills with distinct typologies, from traditional solutions to those with enhanced properties and solutions to improve the seismic behaviour; (2) in‐plane static cyclic tests on a representative one‐storey, one‐bay RC frame with masonry infills with distinct typologies but similar to the ones tested in the RC building models. It was concluded that the typology of masonry walls influences the global behaviour of RC buildings, particularly when there is no connection between masonry infill and RC frame. An appropriate design is necessary to prevent an unforeseen failure mechanism due to shear stresses in the RC columns induced by the infill. The in‐plane cyclic tests showed that render plays a central role in the lateral strength and stiffness. Additionally, it was observed that bed joint reinforcement and reinforced render are important measures for controlling damage but do not significantly influence the in‐plane lateral strength and stiffness.     

Optimizing a bi-objective multi-product EPQ model with defective items,rework and limited orders: NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms

In this paper, a bi-objective multi-products economic production quantity (EPQ) model is developed, in which the number of orders is limited and imperfect items that are re-workable are produced. The objectives of the problem are minimization of the total inventory costs as well as minimizing the required warehouse space. The model is shown to be of a bi-objective nonlinear programming type, and in order to solve it two meta-heuristic algorithms namely, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, are proposed. To verify the solution obtained and to evaluate the performance of proposed algorithms, two-sample t-tests are employed to compare the means of the first objective value, the means of the second objective values, and the mean required CPU time of solving the problem using two algorithms. The results show while both algorithms are efficient to solve the model and the solution qualities of the two algorithms do not differ significantly, the computational CPU time of MOPSO is considerably lower than that of NSGA-II.     

Lot-sizing on a single imperfect machine: ILP models and FPTAS extensions

A single-machine multi-product lot-sizing and sequencing problem is studied. In this problem, items of n different products are manufactured in lots. Demands for products as well as per item processing times are known. There are losses of productivity because of non perfect production. There is also a sequence dependent set-up time between lots of different products. Machine yields and product lead times are assumed to be known deterministic functions. The objective is to minimize the cost of the demand dissatisfaction provided that the total processing time does not exceed a given time limit. We propose two integer linear programming (ILP) models for the NP-hard “fraction defective” case of this problem and compare effectiveness of their ILOG CPLEX realizations with a dynamic programming algorithm in a computer experiment. We also show how an earlier developed fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) and one of the ILP models can be extended for a more complex case.