PDC钻头在胜利油田深井钻井中的应用

胜利油田为提高深井钻井速度，试验应用了PDC钻头，结果表明，深井钻井应用PDC钻头可大幅度提高机械钻速，缩短建井周期，降低钻井成本，经济效益明显。通过大量的现场试验，扩大了PDC钻头在胜利油田的使用范围，并取得很好的效果，初步形成了PDC钻头推广应用区域模式。详细介绍了胜利油田不适用PDC钻头钻进的地层岩性，给出了钻头选型及钻井参数选择原则，并对应用效果进行了分析。     

提高海水温度对锌合金和铝合金牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响

研究了提高海水温度对锌合金和铝合金牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响。结果表明，锌合金和铝合金牺牲阳级的电化学性能都随着海水温度的提高而变劣；凡是发生晶间腐蚀的合金，其晶间腐蚀程度都随着海水温度的提高而加剧。低含铝量的锌－铝－镉合金阳极在７０℃海水介质中，工作电位仍负于－１．０１０Ｖ，电流效率＞８０％，阳极工作表面溶解均匀，且不产生晶间腐蚀。     

高风电渗透率下考虑需求侧管理策略的智能微电网调度方法

提出了一种高风电渗透率下考虑需求侧管理策略的智能微电网调度方法。首先,考虑经济、环境成本指标、清洁能源就地消纳量以及可中断负荷和可转移负荷策略,建立了多目标优化调度模型。然后,引入ε约束法生成Pareto前沿解集,利用归一化方法求出最优折衷解。最后,基于24节点配电系统对所提方法进行分析验证。算例结果表明:建立的多目标优化模型能够有效提升清洁能源的消纳率,提高调度方案经济性,同时有效降低发电污染排放。采用的需求侧管理策略能够有效平抑负荷波动,达到削峰填谷的目的。     

Improved Controlled Release and Brain Penetration of the Small Molecule S14 Using PLGA Nanoparticles

Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an important cellular messenger. PDE7’s role in neurotransmission, expression profile in the brain and the druggability of other phosphodiesterases have motivated the search for potent inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Different heterocyclic compounds have been described over the years; among them, phenyl-2-thioxo-(1H)-quinazolin-4-one, called S14, has shown very promising results in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Recently, polymeric nanoparticles have been used as new formulations to target specific organs and produce controlled release of certain drugs. In this work, we describe poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based polymeric nanoparticles loaded with S14. Their preparation, optimization, characterization and in vivo drug release profile are here presented as an effort to improve pharmacokinetic properties of this interesting PDE7 inhibitor.     

渤海注聚井区油井深部解堵工艺研究及应用

针对渤海油田油井解堵效果变差、有效期降低等问题,提出了扩大解堵半径、优选解堵剂体系、强化解堵效果的解堵思路。通过工艺研究、工艺优选,形成了深穿透解堵技术。深穿透解堵技术主要包含基质解堵、降阻造缝和储层深部解堵三个过程。对深穿透解堵工艺机理进行了研究,并形成了一套现场可应用的工艺技术。针对锦州油田注聚井区堵塞问题,从聚合物溶液降黏、模拟含聚堵塞物、现场含聚堵塞物降解三个方面优选出一种复合解堵剂,结合工艺思路形成施工方案,并进行现场应用,取得了较好的增液、增油效果。     

焊接箱型截面构件在不同焊缝熔深下承载力性能试验研究

为了有效改善大跨度桥梁中管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件的耐久性的问题,提出采用耐候钢代替普通钢的管翼缘箱型截面梁。同时,为了研究耐候钢管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件填充混凝土后在全熔透和部分熔透条件下的单轴承载力性能,开展了焊接矩形截面在三种不同焊缝熔深下的耐候钢管混凝土截面轴压短柱试验研究。分别测试每个试件在单轴压力作用下的静态应变、动态应变,以及竖向位移和侧向位移。对比构件承载力的试验结果及理论分析结果,得出不同熔深下焊接箱型截面管翼缘组合构件的承载力性能。研究结果表明:1）耐候钢管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件的全熔透焊缝承载力高于部分熔透焊缝承载力。2）全熔透试件开裂时的竖向位移较部分熔透试件的位移值大,而不同熔深下构件的横向位移测点L4随轴压荷载的增大而有增加,L3测点横向位移规律不明显。3）不同耐候钢管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件横向整体受拉,局部在顶部角部位置受压。构件的混凝土内部和钢板表面应变情况复杂,规律不明显。     

加芯搅拌桩芯桩定位限垂技术的研发与应用

为控制水泥土加芯搅拌桩的芯桩贯入质量,研发了一种基于芯桩定位导向架的定位限垂挑臂装置,并通过采用不同材质、不同尺寸的方法,反复摸索、实施,分析得出了芯桩定位导向架的定位限垂挑臂装置的最优方案。同时,通过运用数据比对、图表说明的方法,有效验证了加芯搅拌桩芯桩定位限垂挑臂装置对于现场施工的重要作用。在新疆地区23450 根加芯搅拌桩工程中进行首次应用,实践表明研发的定位限垂技术可有效控制芯桩贯入的定位和垂直度,提高施工效率。该定位限垂技术经济效益良好,可为今后新疆地区特殊软基处理以及加芯搅拌桩施工提供参考价值。     

粗粒料三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入量数值模拟

在粗粒料三轴试验中,橡皮膜嵌入量可造成显著的体积变形量测误差。本文针对颗粒材料的接触特点,利用Nagata Patch方法重建颗粒表面,基于重建曲面进行接触状态的判断和接触几何信息的计算,开发了高效的颗粒接触算法。该法采用dual mortar有限元方法处理颗粒与橡皮膜间的接触模拟,针对橡皮膜变形较大的特点,采用更新坐标的大变形计算格式,并根据重建的颗粒表面对颗粒-橡皮膜的距离进行几何修正,实现了颗粒-橡皮膜接触的精细化模拟,可较好地模拟计算“柔性”橡皮膜嵌入颗粒孔隙的过程。进行了Kramer钢球试验以及粗颗粒料和标准粗砂三轴试验橡皮膜嵌入过程的模拟计算,计算结果符合一般规律,与相应的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本文方法对于粗粒料膜嵌入问题的适用性。     

Effect of high temperature heat treatment on intergranular corrosion of AlMgSi(Cu) model alloy

Copper containing 6000-series aluminium alloys may become susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC) as a result of improper thermomechanical processing. Effect of cooling rate after solution heat treatment on the corrosion behaviour of a model AlMgSi(Cu) alloy of nominal composition (wt%) 0.6 Mg, 0.6 Si, 0.2 Fe, 0.2 Mn and 0.1 Cu was investigated. Slow cooling rates were simulated by isothermal treatment for predetermined times in lower temperature baths immediately after solution heat treatment. Treatment for 10-100 s at temperatures below 400 °C introduced susceptibility to IGC. Longer heat treatment at the same temperatures introduced susceptibility to pitting. A corrosion resistant time zone was found between the zones of IGC and pitting at temperatures lower than 350 °C. Quenching in water after solution heat treatment prevented IGC. IGC was related to microgalvanic coupling between the noble Q-phase (Al₄Mg₈Si₇Cu₂) grain boundary precipitates and the adjacent depleted zone. Pitting was attributed to coarse particles in the matrix. Possible mechanisms causing the corrosion resistant intermediate zone are discussed. The results indicate possible methods for obtaining increased corrosion resistance of similar alloys by proper thermal processing.     

Effect of temperature on the stress corrosion cracking of zircaloy-4 in iodine alcoholic solutions

Zircaloy-4 is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in solutions of iodine dissolved in different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octanol). The crack propagation rate is known to decrease as the solvent molecular weight increases, as a consequence of steric hindrance. However, the mechanism that operates during SCC is still unknown. In the present work the effect of temperature on SCC susceptibility was evaluated in 1-butanol and 1-pentanol iodine containing solutions. The dependence of the crack growth rate with temperature follows an Arrhenius law, and the activation energy obtained from experimental data is consistent with a process controlled by volume diffusion of the active species (the iodine-alcohol complex) to the crack tip.