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61.
A review of the latest research and the new experimental data obtained by the authors on changes in the isotope composition in the near-surface layers of solids in ion scattering processes, ion sputtering, the secondary ion emission, ion implantation, electrolytic saturation by hydrogen isotopes, thermo-diffusion from external source, and chemical solution action is presented. In all these processes appreciable changes in natural isotopic composition of the near-surface layers have been registered. These changes take place among the secondary emitted and reflected particles also. Investigations of these effects have been made by the methods of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and secondary ion energy-mass spectrometry (SIEMS). The many-isotopic samples of molybdenum, nickel implanted in copper, various titanium modifications, thin film titanium-aluminum systems and some others have been used. The general regularities in the changes in the isotope composition by different processes are found. Possible mechanisms of these processes are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Undoped (IO) and Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films have been deposited on glass and polymer substrates by an advanced ion beam technologies including ion-assisted deposition (IAD), hybrid ion beam, ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD), and ion-assisted reaction (IAR). Physical and chemical properties of the oxide films and adhesion between films and substrates were improved significantly by these technologies. By using the IAD method, non-stoichiometry and microstructure of the films were controlled by changing assisted oxygen ion energy and arrival ratio of assisted oxygen ion to evaporated atoms. Relationships between structural and electrical properties in ITO films on glass substrates were intensively investigated by using the IBSD method with changing ion energy, reactive gas environment, and substrate temperature. Smooth-surface ITO films (Rrms ≤ 1 nm and Rp-v ≤ 10 nm) for organic light-emitting diodes were developed with a combination of deposition conditions with controlling microstructure of a seed layer on glass. IAR surface treatment enormously enhanced the adhesion of oxide films to polymer substrate. The different dependence of IO and ITO films' properties on the experimental parameters, such as ion energy and oxygen gas environment, will be intensively discussed. 相似文献
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64.
Paul Westerhoff David Highfield Mohammad Badruzzaman Yeomin Yoon 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,131(2):262-271
Arsenate breakthrough in column studies with a porous granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) was investigated in model waters and groundwaters. In this study, the use of rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) initially designed for simulating the removal of organic compounds by granular activated carbon was extended for arsenate adsorption onto GFH. Adsorption kinetic studies and a comparison of laboratory RSSCT performance versus pilot-scale performance suggests that proportional diffusivity (PD) RSSCT scaling approaches are more valid than constant diffusivity (CD) approaches for arsenate onto GFH. Adsorption densities from column tests (qcolumn) were calculated at the point in the breakthrough curve when arsenate equaled 10 μg/L in the column effluent. For a simulated 2.5 min empty-bed contact time (EBCT), a model water (pH=8.6) had qcolumn values of 0.99 to 1.5 mgAs/gGFH versus 0.02 to 0.28 mgAs/gGFH with a comparable pH and EBCT in a natural groundwater. The differences were attributed to the silica, phosphate, vanadium, and other adsorbable inorganics in the groundwater. At pH 7.6 to 7.8, qcolumn values from PD-RSSCTs in the three natural waters were comparable (1.5±0.3 mgAs/gGFH) and higher than CD-RSSCT qcolumn values (0.57±0.26 mgAs/gGFH) in the three natural waters. All the RSSCTs captured changes in water quality (source water and pH) and operational regimes (e.g., EBCTs) and could be used to aid in the selection and design of arsenic removal media for full-scale treatment facilities. 相似文献
65.
M. Yedji G.G. Ross 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2005,230(1-4):386-390
Charge accumulation at the surface of insulators during low energy ion implantation is related to two processes: ion impinging on the sample and secondary electron emission. Samples composed of a piece of Si (having the size of the ion beam) fixed on the centre of polyethylene (PE) coupons have been implanted with 2.2 keV H2 ions to a fluence of 2 × 1016 H/cm2. ERD (Elastic Recoil Detection) depth profiles of the implanted ions are shallower with an increase of the PE coupon size. The relative critical Si/PE size to repel all the incident ions is around 1.1 × 1.1 cm2/2.5 × 2.5 cm2. The potential of the secondary electron suppressor has been varied from −500 V to +500 V. It changes the secondary electron distribution around the implanted area and, consequently, affects the accumulation of charges at the sample surface. When the potential is 0 V, a uniform ion implantation with little effect of charge accumulation for all sizes of PE coupons is obtained. A two-dimension model has been performed and gives a good explanation for the mechanism of the electric charge neutralisation. 相似文献
66.
为用高分辨透射电子显微术(HRTEM)表征聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维和炭纤维的微细结构,从纤维性能出发,探讨研碎、离子束减薄和超薄生物切片三种制备方法及其工艺步骤,结合实验结果,对比了三种制备方法的原理、优缺点,提出了制备方法的适用范围和选择原则,并推断适于表征预氧化纤维微细结构的样品制备方法。与生物样品的制备方法类似,把超薄生物切片法引入到纤维材料HRTEM样品制备领域,为系统研究炭纤维微细结构的演变提供了线索。 相似文献
67.
离子选择电极法测定氟化物过程中的质量控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章从氟离子选择电极的维护及其性能的判断、相应极限、空白电位值、参比电极的维护及其对电位值的影响、滤纸的使用以及溶液的pH值、温度、搅拌、电极浸入深度与位置、测定顺序等影响离子选择电极法测定氟化物的有关因素进行了研究和探讨,并提出对较复杂样品的测定易采用标准加入法以提高测定准确度和精密度。 相似文献
68.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) films with a smooth surface (root-mean-square roughness; Rrms=0.40 nm) were made using a combination of the deposition conditions in the ion beam-sputtering method. Sheet resistance was 13.8 Ω/sq for a 150-nm-thick film grown at 150 °C. Oxygen was fed into the growth chamber during film growth up to 15 nm, after which, the oxygen was turned off throughout the rest of the deposition. The surface of the films became smooth with the addition of ambient oxygen but electrical resistance increased. In films grown at 150 °C with no oxygen present, a rough surface (Rrms=2.1 nm) and low sheet resistance (14.4 Ω/sq) were observed. A flat surface (Rrms=0.5 nm) with high sheet resistance (41 Ω/sq) was obtained in the films grown with ambient oxygen throughout the film growth. Surface morphology and microstructure of the films were determined by the deposition conditions at the beginning of the growth. Therefore, fabrication of ITO films with a smooth surface and high electrical conductivity was possible by combining experimental conditions. 相似文献
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