Ozone Solubility in Aqueous Solutions of NaCl,Na2SO4, and K2SO4: Application of the Weisenberger-Schumpe Model for Description of Regularities and Calculation of the Ozone Molar Absorption Coefficient

The ozone solubility in aqueous solutions of salts, NaCl (up to 5 М) and Na₂SO₄ (up to 2 М) and their mixtures, was studied. The results are adequately described by the semi-empirical model proposed by Weisenberger and Schumpe for calculation of the solubilities of atmospheric gases in concentrated solutions of electrolytes. By comparing the data obtained experimentally and calculated in terms of the Weisenberger and Schumpe model, the ozone molar absorption coefficient was found to be ε = 2860 ± 200 M^?1 cm^?1 at 260 nm.     

Effect of Inorganic Ions on the Oxidative Efficiency of Ti(IV)-Catalyzed H2O2/O3 Process in the pH Range of 1.0 to 6.0

The oxidative efficiency of Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ (Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃) for acetic acid (HAc) degradation was investigated in the initial pH range of 1.0 to 6.0, and the effects of some common inorganic ions were also discussed in detail. The results showed that the effects of SO₄ ^2? and NO₃ ^? on the efficiency of Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃ were negligible. However, adding Br^? greatly reduced the removal rate of HAc. The presence of Cl^? also reduced the efficiency of Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃, but its negative effect became negligible in the initial pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. The presence of H₂PO₄ ^? could improve the removal rate of HAc, and addition of sodium carbonate had no influence on the efficiency of Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃ in the initial pH range of 4.5 to 5.5.     

锶在包气带迁移的“双峰”分布机理探讨

本文通过砂柱实验,重现了淋溶条件了锶在黄土包气带迁移的“双峰”分布现场象,癀用离子竞争反应理论解释了这一现象。     

Effect of organic alkali on hydration of GGBS-FA blended cementitious material activated by sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate (SC) activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA) is a potential substitute of traditional cement with ultra-low carbon footprint. However, its hydration rate and strength growth are limited, owing to the slow leaching of ions during the activation of weak base. In this work, 60% wet-grinded GGBS and 40% FA were blended as the binder, and two organic alkalis, i.e. triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), were adopted to facilitate the ions dissolution and pozzolanic reaction of SC activated GGBS-FA blended cementitious material (SCSF). The compressive strength was tested and the hydration kinetics was studied by hydration heat and chemical shrinkage. Besides, ions leaching behavior was characterized by ICP; hydrates and microstructure were also detected by XRD, TG-DTG and SEM. Results indicated that the addition of TEA or TIPA significantly promoted the ions dissolution. 0.05% TEA increased the concentration of leached Ca²⁺, Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ by 36%, 33% and 1545%, respectively. This solubilizing effect was also found in TIPA. Moreover, these two chemicals could promote the formation of hydrates, such as C-S(A)-H gel, hydrotalcite, calcite and aragonite, especially at the early period; these also activated the hydration process of SCSF effectively, and the compressive strength of the mortar reached above 40.0 MPa at 7 d and 48.0 MPa at 28 d. The carbon emission of the designed system is 85.9% and 55.9% lower than that of PC and strong base activated GGBS system, respectively.     

Modelling the transient processes produced under heavy particle irradiation

A new model for the thermal spike produced by the nuclear energy loss, as source of transient processes, is derived analytically, for power law dependences of the diffusivity on temperature, as solution of the heat equation. The contribution of the ionizing energy loss to the spike is not included. The range of validity of the model is analysed, and the results are compared with numerical solutions obtained in the frame of the previous model of the authors, which takes into account both nuclear and ionization energy losses, as well as the coupling between the two subsystems in crystalline semiconductors. Particular solutions are discussed and the errors induced by these approximations are analysed.     

Effect of Ag and Li ion irradiation on superconducting Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10 single crystals

The effect of irradiation by 50 MeV Li³⁺ and 200 MeV Ag¹⁵⁺ ions on single crystals of Tl₂Ca₂Ba₂Cu₃O₁₀ (Tl2223) superconductor has been investigated at different fluences. Isothermal magnetization hysteresis loops have been recorded at different temperatures using a SQUID magnetometer and the effect of irradiation on the critical current density, irreversible field, second magnetization peak and pinning force has been studied. Irradiation by 200 MeV Ag¹⁵⁺ ions resulted in increased hysteresis and irreversibility field while no change in second magnetization peak position and critical temperature was observed. A broadening in the hysteresis loop before the second magnetization peak was also observed for the crystals irradiated by Li³⁺ ions. Annealing of irradiated crystals at 500 °C resulted in reduction of point defects created by Li³⁺ ions.     

Can plasma experiments unravel microscopic surface processes in thin film growth and erosion? Implications of particle-beam experiments on the understanding of a-C:H growth

Despite the widespread use of low-temperature plasmas for deposition and erosion of thin films and surface modification the underlying microscopic mechanisms are often not well understood, especially for reactive plasmas. Thorough parameter studies and the use of modern in situ real-time diagnostics of the plasmas as well as of the growing film provide valuable results to optimize the processes. However, they generally allow only an indirect and therefore qualitative or even ambiguous conclusion about the actual film growth processes. One reason is the complexity that is inherently connected to such plasma processes. A vast number of particles with different energy and reactivity is interacting simultaneously with the surface, thus hindering to reveal microscopic growth mechanisms or reliable values of universal constants. One approach to isolate microscopic mechanisms is the use of model experiments with quantified particle beams.In this article model experiments for the example of amorphous hydrogenated carbon film (a-C:H) growth will be motivated and described. The discrepancy between different experimental results and various growth models proposed over the years are briefly reviewed. Recent results of the particle-beam experiment during the last years established at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik are presented. It will be shown, how the sticking probability of thermal methyl radicals is influenced by substrate temperature and how the presence of other radicals such as atomic hydrogen alter the sticking of methyl. Furthermore, it will be shown how ions participate in film growth and the consequences for plasma experiments are discussed.     

Calculation of response of Chinese hamster cells to ions based on track structure theory

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Effects of swift copper (Cu2+) ion irradiation on structural,optical and electrochemical properties of Co3O4-CuO-MnO2/GO nanocomposites powder

The properties of conjugated and irradiated Co₃O₄-CuO-MnO₂/GO nanostructured nanocomposites powder for possible applications in various sphere of life were studied in this research work. The hydrothermal technique was employed to the synthesis of high quality nanocomposite powder and dr. blades technique was employed to construct thin films known as electrodes. The properties of Co₃O₄-CuO-MnO₂/GO nanostructured composite powder (electrodes) were evaluated using SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR and DRS. The electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 1.0 M solution of Na₂SO₄ electrolytic solution with a triple electrodes arrangement. The electrode irradiated with 2.25 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm² offered the highest specific capacitance of 1590 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. The results of electrochemical studies indicate that the combination of three transition metal oxides with GO irradiated by moderate ions is a noble contender for electrode applications.     

尾矿回水中的几种离子对铁正浮选影响

两个分别应用正、反浮选流程的铁选矿厂的尾矿和电厂灰渣及灰渣水排放至同一尾矿库，尾矿水退回到选厂再利用。研究了尾矿回水中所含的钙、镁、硫酸根、氟离子和砷对铁矿石正浮选的影响，钙和硫酸根离子的影响较大，镁离子和砷的影响次之，氟离子基本无影响。生产过程中应严格控制浮选药剂用量，尽量避免过剩，从而减少尾矿回水对浮选的不利影响。