Coordination between strategic forest management and tactical logistic and production planning in the forestry supply chain

In this paper, we study the coordination mechanism in the forestry supply chain between strategic forest management and tactical production planning. We first formulate an integrated model to establish a theoretical benchmark for performance of the entire supply chain. It is a mixed integer programming model that involves harvesting, bucking, transportation, production, and sales decisions for both tactical and strategic planning levels. We then present two sequential approaches S‐A and S‐B where the coordination is done through internal pricing. S‐A is the approach currently used in practice where harvesting in the forest is the main driver of the supply chain activities and internal pricing is introduced to control bucking decision in a separate stage. In contrast, S‐B takes downstream demand information into consideration and internal pricing directly influences harvesting decision in the first stage. In order to find the appropriate setting of internal pricing that leads to the system optimum, we suggest two heuristics H‐I and H‐II. The internal pricing in H‐I is based on dual values and in H‐II, it is derived from a Lagrangian decomposition. A real‐life case study in the Chilean forestry industry is used to compare the results of different approaches. It is shown that the new sequential approach S‐B generates as good feasible solution as that obtained from the integrated approach but in much less time. Both heuristics H‐I and H‐II bring about near‐optimal feasible solutions. H‐II also provides optimistic bound of the optimal objective function value, which can be used as a measure of the solution quality.     

On the examination of recycle on heat (and mass) transfer in concentric tubes

The effect of recycle on heat (and mass) transfer in concentric circular tubes has been investigated by finite difference methods. Theoretical results show that recycle can enhance the heat transfer rate for large Graetz numbers compared with that in an open tube (without an inner tube inserted and without recycle). Competition between a preheating effect and a residence-time effect can be used to explain the heat transfer behavior. The heat transfer rate can be further augmented, with nearly no increase in total pressure drop, by employing flow pattern B instead of flow pattern A.     

对塑料“白色污染”的认识及治理对策

塑料“白色污染”的治理对策应当是在所谓的“白色污染”持正确看法的前提下,以发展回收和再利用技术为主,辅之以社会行为和其他技术,针对不同种类的废弃塑料,提出相应的解决办法。最后还就聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫塑料消泡回收及再利用的新技术做了介绍。     

物联网环境下企业内部控制环境研究

物联网作为未来的发展趋势之一,将在各个方面决定未来世界和人类社会的发展方向。而自智慧地球、感知中国等战略提出以来,世界各国也纷纷开展物联网领域的规划布局,将物联网建设上升到国家战略。物联网在全世界范围内掀起了继计算机和互联网之后的第三次信息革命浪潮。在这空前火爆的物联网宏观背景下,微观企业也不可避免的受到物联网影响。在这一背景下,通过分析物联网环境对企业内部控制环境的影响。本文认为,物联网环境下企业内部控制环境将更加信息化、虚拟化、智能化。     

注塑整圆内侧倒扣塑料件的分步抽芯法

针对具有整圆内侧倒扣特征的塑料件,设计了一种新型的注塑模具分步抽芯机构,并使用Pro/Mechanism软件对该机构进行了运动模拟仿真,证明该分步抽芯机构的设计是切实可行的。     

投资项目经济评价指标的研究

本文在探讨“平坦”模糊数及其运算的基础上,提出模糊内部收益率的概念;并利用Prade与Dubois提出的比较两个模糊数大小的指标,给出“近似相等”的概念;从而给“模糊内部收益率”的计算提供了一个方法。     

The relation between the parabolic rate constants for the internal oxidation of binary alloys in terms of weight gain or thickness

A calculation of the parabolic rate law for internal oxidation in binary alloys expressed in terms of weight gain shows that its dependence on the concentration of the most-reactive component is different from that predicted by the classical Wagner treatment for the rate constant expressed in terms of thickness of the internal oxidation zone. It is shown that the ratio between the two rate constants for a given system is a very sensitive function of the concentration of the reactive element in the alloy.     

半潜式钻井平台内波工况定位能力

采用MOSES软件建立动力定位半潜式钻井平台分析模型,在时域内模拟平台在钻井作业过程中遭遇内波作用的耦合动力特性,分析平台在不同流速内波作用下的定位能力,并对动力定位系统的关键因素进行敏感性分析。研究结果显示：在同等环境载荷强度下,平台在船宽方向出现最大偏移;当内波流速小于1.0 m/s时,平台可基本满足钻井作业的定位要求,而当内波流速达2.0 m/s时,平台出现大幅值的水平偏移和倾角,需要解脱隔水管系统;提升推进器推力和增加推力敏感因子都有助于提升平台的抗内波能力,但都无法明显减小平台的水平偏移。因此,在遭遇高流速内波作用时,推荐平台撤离或调整船体首向。     

海洋温差能发电冷水管涡激振动性能

以海洋温差能发电（Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion,OTEC）平台的冷水管为研究对象,根据结构方程和尾流振子方程建立冷水管流固耦合模型,采用有限元方法和 法对冷水管涡激振动（Vortex-Induced Vibration,VIV）进行时域分析,并在MATLAB软件中开发相应的求解程序。针对冷水管所面临的复杂工况,分别研究外部流场、内部流场、长径比和压载质量等因素对VIV产生的影响。结果表明：随着外流流速和长径比的增大,冷水管横流向VIV模态和振动幅值也发生相应改变,振动强度呈现波动上升;在不发生动态失稳的情况下,内流流速的增加可有效减小冷水管横流向振动幅值,压载质量可大幅减小冷水管自由端的振动位移。     

The effect of washing process on the cracking of ZrO2 microspheres by internal gelation

ZrO₂ microspheres are widely used as a simulant of UO₂ in the development of nuclear fuel. However, the cracking of ZrO₂ microspheres prepared by internal gelation is still a challenge during drying and sintering processes. To address this issue, we designed and optimized the washing process for obtaining crack-free ZrO₂ microspheres. Through thermogravimetric, infrared, Raman, BET, and SEM analysis, it is shown that the cracking of the microspheres is mainly related to the pores in microspheres. The washing solvent with low surface tension is used to reduce the effect of capillary force on pore shrinkage. Therefore, the optimal washing process was designed as trichloroethylene (TCE)—0.5 M NH₃.H₂O—Propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) and gel microspheres with a high specific surface area of 315.3 m²/g and pore volume of 0.4125 cm³/g were obtained. The characterizations also further showed that when the microspheres were dried and sintered, the water vapor and the decomposition gas of organic matter were completely released from the pores in the microspheres. Our new washing process could be directly extended for preparing crack-free ceramic microspheres by internal gelation.