Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Yb, Er co-doped sodium–lead–germanate glasses

Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ co-doped Na₂O–GeO₂–PbO glass suitable for developing optical fiber lasers and amplifiers has been fabricated. The energy transfer efficiency from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ was investigated in the glasses with different Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratios and the maximum energy transfer efficiency was found to be 67% at the Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratio of 5:1. Subsequently, the studies of upconversion emissions in the visible range were performed. An intense green together with a relatively weak red emission was observed under the excitation of 976 nm diode laser. The quadratic dependence of the green emission on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under a 976 nm excitation. However, for the red emission the slope of log-log plot of integrated intensity versus pump power declines with increasing Yb³⁺ ions content, indicating it is not resulted from a biphotonic process.     

生物Reichardt运动检测器和感受域模板的 FPGA设计与实现

为了在图像处理中快速地实现运动检测和相机自身运动方式估算,引入了基于生物视觉机制的Reichardt运动检测器模型(EMD)和感受域模板.分析了Reichardt运动检测器模型的基本特性及其缺陷.为了克服模型上的主要缺陷,在应用中选择了一种优化模型,应用该模型可以得到较好的运动检测结果.同时,提出了基于苍蝇视觉系统的6个感受域模板,用以实现简单自身运动方式的估算,如相机自身的平移、旋转等.最后,在FPGA(FieldProgrammable Gate Array)平台上实现了相关的算法.实验结果表明,优化后的运动检测器可以快速地判断局部运动方向,感受域模板可实现在特定背景下的简单运动方式估算;对分辨率为256×256像素的输入图片,本设计中的FPGA系统可达到每秒350帧的处理速率,所产生的延时仅为0.25μs,达到了快速处理的要求.此模型可应用于实时的机器视觉系统,如进行障碍物检测、整体运动方式估算、UAV/MAV的稳定控制等.     

两亲性共聚物P(MMA-co-AMPS)对聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜性能的影响

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用自由基共聚合法制得了两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA);以两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,通过相转变法制备PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热失重法表征无规共聚物的组成和热稳定性能。并通过扫描电子显微镜,傅里叶变换红外光谱、吸水率测试、表面润湿性测试,探讨了不同单体摩尔比对PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,单体AMPS与MMA间发生自由基聚合生成两亲性共聚物P(AMPS-co-MMA)。PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜表面多孔,内部有大孔,存在相对致密皮层和多孔的支撑层。当2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为2∶1时,PVDF/P(MMA-co-AMPS)超滤膜吸水率和表面润湿性能最好。     

An NTU- model for alternative refrigerants

This paper presents a steady state simulation model to predict the performance of alternative refrigerants in vapour compression refrigeration/heat pump systems. The model is based on the NTU- method in analysing the heat exchangers following an elemental approach. The model extends its applicability to new refrigerants including hydrocarbons and uses a large database of REFPROP package for refrigerant properties. The main inputs to the model include the physical details of the heat exchangers, compressor efficiency, mass flow rates of heat transfer fluids and their inlet temperatures to the evaporator and the condenser, the pressure drops across the heat exchangers and the capacity of either the evaporator or condenser (in kW). The model results are validated with a wide range of experimental data of HCFC22 and propane (HC290) on a heat pump test facility for a number of parameters, e.g. coefficient of performance, condenser capacity, mass flow rate of the refrigerant and compressor discharge temperature. Although the model is currently tested for pure refrigerants using compact brazed plate (counter flow type) heat exchangers, it can also be applied to mixture of refrigerants as well as to other types of heat exchangers.

Résumé

Dans cet article, on présente un modèle de simulation de régime permanent pour prédire la performance des frigorigènes de remplacement dans les systèmes frigorifiques ou les pompes à chaleur à compression de vapeur. Fondé sur la méthode NTU- utilisée pour analyser les échangeurs de chaleur, ce modèle emploie une approche élémentaire. Ce modèle étend la méthode aux nouveaux frigorigènes, y compris deees hydrocarbures, et utilise une base de données étendue, celle de REFPROP, pour les propriétés des frigorigènes. Les principaux paramètres du modèle comprennent des détails physiques sur les échangeurs de chaleur, le rendement des compresseurs, et les débits massiques des fluides de transfert de chaleur et leurs températures à l'entrée de l'évaporateur ou du condenseur, la chute de pression à travers les échangeurs de chaleur et la puissance soit de l'évaporateur, soit du condenseur (exprimés en kW). Les résultats obtensus en utilisant ce modèle sont validés pour une large gamme de données expérimentales obtenus avec le HCFC22 et avec le propane (le HC290) sur un banc d'essai de pompe à chaleur et pour un certain nombre de paramètres, par exemple le coefficient de performance, la puissance du compresseur, le débit massique du frigorigène et la température du frigorigène à la sortie du compresseur. En ce moment, le comportement des frigorigènes purs utilisés dans des échangeurs de chaleur compacts à plaques brasées (de type contre-courant) est en train d'être étudié; le modèle peut également être appliqué aux mélanges de frigorigènes et à d'autres types d'échangeurs de chaleur.     

THT-MSMA：基于双哈希表的高效多模式匹配算法

摘　要 多字符串模式匹配是在给定的文本中并行查找多个模式串的一种方法。本文中提出THT-MSMA多模式匹配算法,该算法采用双哈希表来减少尝试比较的次数。分析表明,该算法适合于最短模式串长度很长的环境,时间复杂度要低于经典的算法,尝试比较次数少于传统的多模式匹配算法。最后,实验结果表明,THT-MSMA算法具有良好的时空性能。     

基于加速度的小波能量特征及样本熵组合的步态分类算法

摘 要： 目的 针对传统的使用小波分解系数作为特征对走路、上楼、下楼进行分类时不能对具有相同强度加速度信号的步态样本进行分类的问题,提出了一种基于样本熵和小波能量相结合作为特征的分类算法。方法 利用三轴加速度传感器采集走路、上楼、下楼三种步态下的上臂加速度信号,将信号进行小波分解,提取能量特征和样本熵特征,构建决策树分类器和贝叶斯分类器。结果 决策树分类器和贝叶斯分类器的总体分类精度分别为75%和78.75%,使用样本熵与小波能量作为特征的分类精度比仅使用小波能量的分类精度提高了15.85%和19.17%。结论 就步态分类精度而言,样本熵与小波能量相结合的方法优于仅使用传统小波能量方法。     

基于动态采样的锁相放大微弱信号检测

摘要：基于相关检测原理设计了一种数字锁相放大器,重点研究了采样频率与相关运算结果的关系。发现参考信号为方波而采样频率与信号频率成一定关系时,系统相关运算存在固有误差。为减少该误差,首次将动态采样法引入数字锁相放大器设计中,运算发现动态采样的采样频率数越多,奇点产生的误差越少。基于LabVIEW软件对所设计的检测系统进行了仿真测试,测试结果表明该数字锁定放大器在信号幅度为5V、噪声标准差小于等于50时（SNR=-34.04dB）,能有效地检测出频率为500KHz以下的信号,系统检测结果与理论计算值的相对误差基本不超过2%。     

An Introduction to Using XML for the Management of Laboratory Data

Extensible Markup Language (XML) and the XML Path Language (XPath) are introduced with software examples demonstrating how one can use them to write laboratory data management programs. Topics explored include XML document creation, manipulation, and searching. Programming examples make use of the Microsoft® XML Parser library and the Visual Basic programming language. The problem of managing microplate screening data is used as an illustration. Source code for all examples can be downloaded from http://www.labprogrammer.net.     

Automated High Throughput Screening of Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) Assays Using Assay Platform™ Integrated with Activity Base for ‘on the fly’ Compound Reconfirmation

Advances in the field of automation have meant hitherto complex manual cell-based assays can now be automated. These improvements have brought significant enhancements in throughput, data fidelity and consistency, and allowed a reallocation of constrained resources.Building upon these improvements, we have linked our automated cell-based screening system, Assay Platform™, to Activity Base (IDBS), a software package designed to automate the analysis of HTS data. Customisation of this package has resulted in software that can identify ‘active’ compounds and re-pick them ‘on the fly’ from the original compound plates for triplicate re-testing without operator intervention.Based on an operator initially defining ‘normal’ parameters for assay activity in Activity Base, combined with an automated quality control software module that checks data fidelity, wells containing ‘active’ compounds can be re-picked and re-tested at the end of an automated screening run. Automating cell-based assays has significantly improved productivity, and, with the synergism of Activity Base, has given us greater power to complete each screening run and report ‘active’ compounds to Chemistry more rapidly. This article presents our approach to the automation of cell-based Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) screening together with automated active re-test confirmation using Activity Base.     

Connectivity Infrastructure and Components for POCT Environments - Overall Infrastructure

Connectivity infrastructure, hardware and software components for point-of-care testing (POCT) environments at medium-to-large sized hospitals with expected number of POCT instruments in the order of hundreds or thousands are described. The instruments include both network-ready and non-network-ready devices. The latter are connected to the network by means of a hardware-based Instrument Network Adapter. Instrument messages are converted to standardized form and, depending on message content, are routed and delivered to appropriate destinations by a software-based Message Routing System consisting of a Message Router and a Delivery Agent. Target information systems consist of departmental and central information systems.