Highly Efficient and Water‐Insensitive Self‐Healing Elastomer for Wet and Underwater Electronics

Integrating self‐healing capabilities into soft electronic devices increases their durability and long‐term reliability. Although some advances have been made, the use of self‐healing electronics in wet and/or (under)water environments has proven to be quite challenging, and has not yet been fully realized. Herein, a new highly water insensitive self‐healing elastomer with high stretchability and mechanical strength that can reach 1100% and ≈6.5 MPa, respectively, is reported. The elastomer exhibits a high (>80%) self‐healing efficiency (after ≈ 24 h) in high humidity and/or different (under)water conditions without the assistance of an external physical and/or chemical triggers. Soft electronic devices made from this elastomer are shown to be highly robust and able to recover their electrical properties after damages in both ambient and aqueous conditions. Moreover, once operated in extreme wet or underwater conditions (e.g., salty sea water), the self‐healing capability leads to the elimination of significant electrical leakage that would be caused by structural damages. This highly efficient self‐healing elastomer can help extend the use of soft electronics outside of the laboratory and allow a wide variety of wet and submarine applications.     

Conductive MXene Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible,Healable, Low‐Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors

Conductive hydrogels are attracting tremendous interest in the field of flexible and wearable soft strain sensors because of their great potential in electronic skins, and personalized healthcare monitoring. However, conventional conductive hydrogels using pure water as the dispersion medium will inevitably freeze at subzero temperatures, resulting in the diminishment of their conductivity and mechanical properties; meanwhile, even at room temperature, such hydrogels suffer from the inevitable loss of water due to evaporation, which leads to a poor shelf‐life. Herein, an antifreezing, self‐healing, and conductive MXene nanocomposite organohydrogel (MNOH) is developed by immersing MXene nanocomposite hydrogel (MNH) in ethylene glycol (EG) solution to replace a portion of the water molecules. The MNH is prepared from the incorporation of the conductive MXene nanosheet networks into hydrogel polymer networks. The as‐prepared MNOH exhibits an outstanding antifreezing property (?40 °C), long‐lasting moisture retention (8 d), excellent self‐healing capability, and superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, this MNOH can be assembled as a wearable strain sensor to detect human biologic activities with a relatively broad strain range (up to 350% strain) and a high gauge factor of 44.85 under extremely low temperatures. This work paves the way for potential applications in electronic skins, human?machine interactions, and personalized healthcare monitoring.     

基于CAN总线的应力变送器设计

本文主要介绍了基于CAN总线的应力变送器软硬件设计,可应用于张紧装置等需要测试拉力的场所。应力信号通过应变电桥接入、由放大器放大,然后通过单片机脚采集、处理并转换信号输出;软件处理中则采用复合滤波法处理数据,平滑采样数据;该应力变送器通过液晶显示实际拉力,具有CAN总线接口、200Hz～1000Hz频率输出,并且具有调校功能,设计简单,稳定可靠。     

基于智能夹层的复合材料柔性蒙皮变形测量研究

探索变体机翼蒙皮拉伸变形测量的可行性,对波纹式复合材料蒙皮的变形测量方法进行研究。通过新配方制作了波纹式蒙皮试件,对其进行力学拉伸试验,分析蒙皮的力学性能。制作模块化的智能夹层,对安装在蒙皮上的智能夹层输出特性进行测试,并与直接粘贴在蒙皮表面的应变片输出特性进行对比分析。结果表明:通过新配方制作的柔性蒙皮线弹性范围达到0~7%;在蒙皮线弹性范围内智能夹层能有效测得应变数据,其应变灵敏系数相对于应变片由2.08降至1.84;由应变反推的蒙皮伸长量与实际伸长量较吻合。     

NAK80塑料模具钢本构关系的试验研究

利用电子材料拉伸试验机、热模拟试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆系统对NAK80塑料模具钢在较宽温度范围(25~600℃)和不同应变率(700~5 000 s-1)条件下的力学特性开展了系列的试验研究。结果表明:室温下,NAK80塑料模具钢流变行为对应变率不敏感;相同应变率下(10-2s-1),其屈服强度和流变应力随温度升高而下降,且高温下热软化效应明显,导致屈服后应变增加而应力下降。以试验数据为基础,拟合了Johnson-Cook模型,利用该模型对不同温度和不同应变率下NAK80塑料模具钢的流变应力进行预测,与试验数据对比表明,拟合的Johnson-Cook模型能够较好的描述NAK80塑料模具钢的流变行为。     

Ionically Mediated Mechanical Deformation Associated with Memristive Switching

Ionically mediated phenomena underpin the functioning of various devices, including batteries, solid oxide fuel cells, memristors, and neuromorphic devices. The ionic behavior corresponding to ionically mediated phenomena causes not only variations in the electrical properties but also mechanical deformation, which is crucial for device reliability. However, the interrelation between ionically mediated electrical properties and mechanical deformation has not been elucidated yet. This study investigates ionically mediated mechanical deformation accompanied by memristive switching in a TiO₂ single crystal through simultaneous conductive atomic force microscopy and electrochemical strain microscopy. A comprehensive analysis indicates the existence of a relationship between mechanical deformation and memristive switching based on the ionic behavior. Furthermore, an ionic state variable is used to simplify the interrelation between the electrochemical strain hysteresis and memristive switching associated with applied voltage. This study provides insights on the ionic behavior and can be extended to other systems for the general analysis of the relationship between mechanical deformation and electrical properties.     

Ultrasensitive Strain Gauges Enabled by Graphene‐Stabilized Silicone Emulsions

Here, an approach is presented to incorporate graphene nanosheets into a silicone rubber matrix via solid stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsions. These emulsions can be cured into discrete, graphene‐coated silicone balls or continuous, elastomeric films by controlling the degree of coalescence. The electromechanical properties of the resulting composites as a function of interdiffusion time and graphene loading level are characterized. With conductivities approaching 1 S m^?1, elongation to break up to 160%, and a gauge factor of ≈20 in the low‐strain linear regime, small strains such as pulse can be accurately measured. At higher strains, the electromechanical response exhibits a robust exponential dependence, allowing accurate readout for higher strain movements such as chest motion and joint bending. The exponential gauge factor is found to be ≈20, independent of loading level and valid up to 80% strain; this consistent performance is due to the emulsion‐templated microstructure of the composites. The robust behavior may facilitate high‐strain sensing in the nonlinear regime using nanocomposites, where relative resistance change values in excess of 10⁷ enable highly accurate bodily motion monitoring.     

金属材料在高应变率下的热粘塑性本构模型

提出了一种考虑应变强化、应变率强化、热软化效应及材料损伤的本构模型,通过在Johnson-Cook热粘塑性本构关系中增加一个随应变增大应力减速小的软化项,反映材料的损伤.该模型可以很好地预测材料的整个变形过程,同时提供了一个确定软化项系数的简单方法.     

双轴光纤光栅及其传感应用

简要介绍和分析了保偏光纤及双轴光栅的性质，研究了双轴光栅用作传感器的基本原理，介绍了它在三维应变测量、横向负载测量及双折射光纤拍长测量方面的应用。