Evaluation of processing effects in injection‐molded amorphous and crystalline thermoplastics using an excimer laser

The ablation behavior of amorphous [polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC)] and crystalline [PET, glass‐filled poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)] polymers by 248‐nm KrF excimer laser irradiation were investigated for different injection‐molding conditions, namely, injection flow rate, injection pressure, and mold temperature, as a possible method for evaluating processing effects in the specimens. For this purpose, dumbbell‐shaped samples were injection‐molded under different sets of processing conditions, and weight loss measurements were carried out for the different injection‐molding conditions. Some of the crystalline (PET) samples were annealed at different annealing times and temperatures. For PET, the weight loss decreased with increasing mold temperature and remained insensitive to injection flow rate. Annealing time and temperature significantly reduced weight loss in PET. For PBT, the weight loss due to laser ablation decreased with increasing material packing due to pressure, and it also showed some sensitivity to flow rate variation. The major effect was seen with glass‐filled PBT samples. The weight loss decreased drastically with increasing glass fiber content. Laser ablation allowed us to observe process‐induced fiber orientation by scanning electron microscopy in PBT samples. For PS and PC, the weight loss increased with increasing injection flow rate and mold temperature and decreased with increasing injection pressure. The position near the gate showed higher ablation than the position at the end for all the conditions. A decrease in the material orientation with injection speed and mold temperature led to an increase in the weight loss, whereas an increase in the injection pressure, and consequently orientation, led to a lower weight loss for PS and PC. Higher residual stress samples showed higher weight losses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2006     

远场激光能量密度分布的数值与图像估算

激光在大气传输过程中,由于同大气分子与气溶胶粒子之间的相互作用而产生了一系列的效应,即大气衰减和大气湍流效应,导致能量不断减弱,并影响激光的远场能量密度分布.根据设计的激光远场能量密度分布测试系统进行外场实际试验测试,只能获得指定位置上的远场能量密度分布数据和激光光斑图像,为了获得任意位置的激光传输特性,研究了大气衰减和大气湍流对激光传输的影响.根据上述系统测得的指定位置的光斑图像及能量分布数据,通过软件仿真分析,估算任意位置的激光光斑能量密度分布,通过伪彩色变换,将激光光斑的灰度图像转换为连续变化的伪彩色图像,可以直观地观察光斑的远场能量密度分布.     

基于图像处理的划线激光笔系统设计

论文设计一种划线激光笔系统,通过USB摄像头拍摄投影屏,编制软件采集图像并进行处理,检测出激光笔在屏幕上的亮点位置,在屏幕上绘制亮点的轨迹线,使教师能够操作激光笔在投影屏上指示时能够留下痕迹,起到较好的指示作用。系统设计红光和绿光组合的激光笔,在摄像头前设置可通过绿光的滤光片,实现激光笔发射绿光时系统划线,而发射红光时则不划线的功能。系统可以增加演讲的交互性,使讲解更加生动。     

驻波聚焦在体模中形成的精细损伤

为了提高聚焦超声的治疗精度,本文通过将两个完全相同,频率为0.6 MHz的行波聚焦换能器同轴共焦相向放置实现驻波聚焦。在相同焦点峰值正声压（17 MPa）条件下,结合组织中的声场数值仿真、空化和非线性测量,对比研究了驻波聚焦和行波聚焦超声分别辐照仿组织体模过程中的损伤变化及形成机制。研究可见：（1）相同焦点峰值正声压条件下,驻波聚焦和行波聚焦辐照形成的初始损伤尺寸分别为0.18λ×0.25λ、0.91λ×0.3λ,而达到相同焦点峰值正声压驻波聚焦所需的换能器表面声压仅为行波聚焦的0.46倍,表明驻波聚焦可以实现更精细的损伤同时降低声通道上声压幅值保护声通道的安全性。（2）相同焦点峰值正声压条件下,行波聚焦更快出现损伤,相比于空化,非线性效应影响更大。研究说明基于同轴共焦相向放置两换能器形成的驻波聚焦相比行波聚焦可以实现更精细的损伤,且声通道更安全,为驻波聚焦应用于临床提供了理论参考。     

温控射频消融温度场分布的模拟与预测

为实现射频消融参数的术前规划,对温控射频消融温度场进行实验研究.首先根据射频消融针结构建立恒温激励射频消融有限元模型,然后利用ANSYS有限元分析软件模拟计算射频消融温度场分布.通过离体猪肝和体模实验,验证和改进所建有限元模型,提高计算温度场分布的准确性.实验结果表明:所建立的恒温激励有限元模型能较好预测射频消融温度场分布.     

镀锡K板板面烧蚀缺陷形成机理研究

宝钢在生产K板过程中,在高锡层面易产生针尖状烧蚀缺陷．本文通过扫描电镜和光学轮廓仪观察了其微观形貌,应用能谱仪分析了烧蚀内部成分,并分析了缺陷的产生原因．结果表明,烧蚀呈火山口形貌,大小为0．2～0．6mm．其产生是由于带钢与软熔接地辊辊面接触不良引发局部大电流电弧放电,导致带钢局部温度急剧升高,引起板面锡层熔化而形成的．提出了预防该缺陷的措施：保持软熔接地辊辊面及淬水槽溶液清洁,并在软熔接地辊前增加热风喷吹装置．将上述措施应用于实际生产中,避免了镀锡K板板面烧蚀缺陷的产生．     

三维激光扫描点位误差源分析

目前对三维激光扫描的分析主要停留在误差模型的建立上,没有对三维激光扫描仪的特点及其所受的误差进行分析,而三维激光扫描仪的系统误差和偶然误差都将会对整个误差模型的建立产生影响,点位误差源的准确分析是点位准确建立点位误差模型的基础。基于此,本文对三维激光扫描仪的点位误差源进行了分析,得到了不同误差源的误差模型,并给出了不同条件可能对激光扫描仪误差影响的大小。     

模糊控制在布料小车定位系统中的应用

以某球团厂破碎车间的布料过程为背景,针对该厂布料过程中小车定位不准和布料不均匀的问题,提出了基于PLC的模糊控制算法,结合超声波料位计和激光测距仪的反馈信息,有效地解决了该厂布料过程中小车定位不准和布料不均匀的缺点。利用上位机组态画面实现了对布料过程的远程监控,提高了车间的自动化水平,改善了操作人员的工作环境。本系统在运行期间能够准确判断矿仓的物料需求,完成布料小车的精确定位,降低了操作人员的工作强度。     

Effects of reflectivity on laser-ablation resistance of the laser-cladding repaired Nd2O3 modified SiO2 coatings on C/C composites

To repair the damaged SiC coated C/C composites, a double-layer coating including a SiO₂-Nd₂O₃ external layer (∼60 μm) and a Si-SiC inner layer (∼240 μm) was prepared by a slurry-based laser cladding technique, and the laser-ablation tests under two heat fluxes (23.89/39.81 MW m⁻²) were performed. The spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and 3D profilometer were used for characterization. For avoiding the secondary damage of laser-ablation, the laser-reflection of the repaired area was enhanced, which was conducive to the mitigation of mass and linear ablation. Combined with Finite Element Analysis, by raising the reflectivity, the surface and back temperature of samples could be reduced greatly by 1224 K and 983 K respectively, and plenty of ablation reactions could be avoided. Therefore, the SiO₂-Nd₂O₃ coating possessed an excellent laser-ablation resistance and protected the C/C substrates from thermal damage and oxidation effectively.     

基于SLS原型的快速(重力)铸造工艺

结合SLS快速成形和铸造工艺可以实现金属零件的快速铸造.根据原型材料可熔融和烧失的特性,制定了类似于熔模铸造的快速铸造工艺方案.讨论了快速金属铸件的特点,对快速铸造工艺提出了成功率高、成形性好和性能较高的要求.分析了面向金属零件快速铸造的重力铸造工艺并以实例说明,顶注式浇注系统适用于结构简单且高度不大的快速零件,而阶梯式浇注系统适用于中大型和复杂程度较高的铸件.