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31.
We have tested three methods for estimating 2003-2008 elevation changes of Svalbard glaciers from multi-temporal ICESat laser altimetry: (a) linear interpolation of crossover points between ascending and descending tracks, (b) projection of near repeat-tracks onto common locations using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and (c) least-squares fitting of rigid planes to segments of repeat-track data assuming a constant elevation change rate. The two repeat-track methods yield similar results and compare well to the more accurate, but sparsely sampled, crossover points. Most glacier regions in Svalbard have experienced low-elevation thinning combined with high-elevation balance or thickening during 2003-2008. The geodetic mass balance (excluding calving front retreat or advance) of Svalbard's 34,600 km2 glaciers is estimated to be −4.3 ± 1.4 Gt y−1, corresponding to an area-averaged water equivalent (w.e.) balance of −0.12 ± 0.04 m w.e. y−1. The largest ice losses have occurred in the west and south, while northeastern Spitsbergen and the Austfonna ice cap have gained mass. Winter and summer elevation changes derived from the same methods indicate that the spatial gradient in mass balance is mainly due to a larger summer season thinning in the west and the south than in the northeast. Our findings are consistent with in-situ mass balance measurements from the same period, confirming that repeat-track satellite altimetry can be a valuable tool for monitoring short term elevation changes of Arctic glaciers. 相似文献
32.
33.
A simple mathematical model of laser drilling is proposed. Assuming axi-symmetry of the process around the axis of the laser beam, a one-dimensional formulation is obtained after cross-sectional averaging. The novelty of the approach relies on the fact that even after dimension reduction, the shape of the hole can still be described. The model is derived, implemented and validated for drilling using lasers with intensities in the GW/cm2 range and microsecond pulses. 相似文献
34.
Sergio F. León-LuisAuthor VitaeUlises R. Rodríguez-MendozaAuthor Vitae Emmanuel LallaAuthor VitaeVíctor LavínAuthor Vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,158(1):208-213
The temperature dependence of the green upconverted emission from the two thermally coupled 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels of the Er3+ ion in a fluorotellurite glass has been analyzed as a function of the optically active ion concentration in order to check its availability as a temperature sensor. The infrared-to-green upconverted emission have been observed by the naked eyes after a cw laser diode excitation at 800 nm. The fluorescence intensity ratio between the thermally coupled emitting levels as well as the temperature sensitivity has been experimentally obtained up to 540 K. A better behaviour as a temperature sensor has been obtained for the less Er3+ concentrated glass with a maximum sensitivity of 54 × 10−4 K−1 at 540 K, one of the highest found in rare-earth doped transparent materials. 相似文献
35.
该文介绍了一种轮胎外形轮廓检测系统的检测原理、系统组成及控制系统设计。采用两级计算机控制系统,上位机完成数据的采集、处理、显示以及计算结果和检测参数的管理,下位机由三菱Q系列PLC的高性能CPUQ02H、运动控制器172H和J3系列伺服控制系统组成,驱动三支激光传感器运动,完成精确定位并通过它们来宾现对轮胎外形轮廓的精确测量。上、下位机之间采用以太网通信,更换规格时上位机自动下传传感器位置参数到PLC。该系统通过长时间在青岛高校软控股份有限公司生产的动平衡及不圆度试验机上的应用,表明其运行稳定,测试效率高。 相似文献
36.
Erik Næsset 《Remote sensing of environment》2009,113(1):148-3297
Canopy height distributions were created from small-footprint airborne laser scanner (ALS) data collected over 40 field sample plots with size 1000 m2 located in mature conifer forest. ALS data were collected with two different instruments, i.e., the ALTM 1233 and ALTM 3100 laser scanners (Optech Inc.). The ALTM 1233 data were acquired at a flying altitude of 1200 m and a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 33 kHz. Three different acquisitions were carried out with ALTM 3100, i.e., (1) a flying altitude of 1100 m and a PRF of 50 kHz, (2) a flying altitude of 1100 m and a PRF of 100 kHz, and (3) a flying altitude of 2000 m and a PRF of 50 kHz. Height percentiles, mean and maximum height values, coefficients of variation of the heights, and canopy density at different height intervals above the ground were derived from the four different ALS datasets and for single + first and last echoes of the ALS data separately. The ALS-derived height- and density variables were assessed in pair-wise comparisons to evaluate the effects of (a) instrument, (b) flying altitude, and (c) PRF. A systematic shift in height values of up to 0.3 m between sensors when the first echoes were compared was demonstrated. Also the density-related variables differed significantly between the two instruments. Comparisons of flying altitudes and PRFs revealed upwards shifted canopy height distributions for the highest flying altitude (2000 m) and the lowest PRF (50 kHz). The distribution of echoes on different echo categories, i.e., single and multiple (first and last) echoes, differed significantly between acquisitions. The proportion of multiple echoes decreased with increasing flying altitude and PRF. Different echo categories have different properties since it is likely that single echoes tend to occur in the densest parts of the tree crowns, i.e., near the apex where the concentration of biological matter is highest and distance to the ground is largest. To assess the influence of instrument, flying altitude, and PRF on biophysical properties derived from ALS data, regression analysis was carried out to relate ALS-derived metrics to mean tree height (hL) and timber volume (V). Cross validation revealed only minor differences in precision for the different ALS acquisitions, but systematic differences between acquisitions of up to 2.5% for hL and 10.7% for V were found when comparing data from different acquisitions. 相似文献
37.
This article presents a fast self-localization method based on ZigBee wireless sensor network and laser sensor, an obstacle
avoidance algorithm based on ultrasonic sensors for a mobile robot. The positioning system and positioning theory of ZigBee
which can obtain a rough global localization of the mobile robot are introduced. To realize accurate local positioning, a
laser sensor is used to extract the features from environment, then the environmental features and global reference map can
be matched. From the matched environmental features, the position and orientation of the mobile robot can be obtained. To
enable the mobile robot to avoid obstacle in real-time, a heuristic fuzzy neural network is developed by using heuristic fuzzy
rules and the Kohonen clustering network. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
38.
在壁纸生产过程中,尤其是在花纹印刷过程中,有效地在线测量花纹涂层厚度,对于减少壁纸生产的次品率和提高生产效率至关重要。本课题针对壁纸印刷花纹涂层厚度在线检测问题进行了研究,利用激光传感器测厚原理,基于TI公司生产的TMS320F2812DSP芯片为硬件核心处理器,完成了花纹涂层厚度的非接触在线测量。 相似文献
39.
40.
Dos Santos A Thiers V Sar S Derian N Bensalem N Yilmaz F Bralet MP Ducot B Bréchot C Demaugre F 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2007,1(6):545-554
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Proteomic studies provide opportunities to uncover targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, in HCC developing in a setting of cirrhosis, the detection of proteome alterations may be hampered by the increased cellular heterogeneity of tissue when analysing global liver homogenates. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the identification of proteome alterations in these HCC cases was improved when the differential protein profile between tumour and non-tumour areas of liver was determined using hepatocytes isolated by laser microdissection (LM). Differential profiles established with LM-hepatocytes and liver section homogenates using 2-DE and MS exhibited noticeable differences: 30% of the protein spots with deregulated expression in tumorous LM-samples did not display any modification in homogenates; conversely 15% of proteins altered in tumorous homogenates were not impaired in LM-hepatocytes. These alterations resulted from the presence in cirrhotic liver of fibrotic stroma which displayed a protein pattern different from that determined in LM-hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the interest of LM in distinguishing between fibrotic and hepatocyte proteome alterations and thus the benefit of LM to proteome studies of HCC developing in a context of cirrhosis. 相似文献