微机接口虚拟中断实验的研究和实现

虚拟实验是随着现代计算机技术的进步而产生和发展的一种实验模式。分析目前微机接口实验模式存在的问题和不足,并根据该课程的具体特点,对微机接口虚拟实验的设计思想和实现原理进行了深入研究,以截获用户实验程序I/O指令的VDD虚拟设备驱动技术为基础来设计和实现虚拟实验。中断系统是微机系统的重要组成部分,重点阐述了虚拟中断实验的具体实现方法。实验结果表明,微机接口虚拟中断实验能较好地满足教学的要求,不占用系统硬件资源,具有实验容易、灵活等特点。     

Windows CE内存访问原理分析与研究

针对Windows CE流接171驱动程序,通过嵌入指针访问应用程序内存区域时出错的案例,分析错误产生的原因,阐述一些有关Windows CE内存访问的重要概念,包括指针参数、嵌入指针、同步访问、访问检查和内存整理,从而提出对嵌入指针进行内存整理的解决方法。结果证明该方法可以有效地解决异步内存访问出错的问题。     

Distraction 'on the buses': a novel framework of ergonomics methods for identifying sources and effects of bus driver distraction

Driver distraction represents a significant problem in the public transport sector. Various methods exist for investigating distraction; however, the majority are difficult to apply within the context of naturalistic bus driving. This article investigates the nature of bus driver distraction at a major Australian public transport company, including the sources of distraction present, and their effects on driver performance, through the application of a novel framework of ergonomics methods. The framework represents a novel approach for assessing distraction in a real world context. The findings suggest that there are a number of sources of distraction that could potentially distract bus drivers while driving, including those that derive from the driving task itself, and those that derive from the additional requirements associated with bus operation, such as passenger and ticketing-related distractions. A taxonomy of the sources of bus driver distraction identified is presented, along with a discussion of proposed countermeasures designed to remove the sources identified or mitigate their effects on driver performance.     

Locomotive engineers and their spouses: coffee consumption,mood, and sleep reports

Locomotive engineers (train drivers) on irregular work schedules reported a general coffee consumption rate higher than that reported by a comparison sample of permanent shift factory workers. The present study examines the impact of this consumption on workday and non-workday sleep behaviour and mood ratings. Twenty-seven engineers and their spouses each completed daily logs for 30 consecutive days. Daily logs were then sorted into workday and non-workday categories. Workday sleep length was significantly shorter than non-workday sleep length for both engineers and spouses. For the engineers only, coffee consumption on workdays was higher than on non-workdays. This increased coffee consumption was correlated with longer sleep latency, increased negative mood, and decreased positive mood on both work and non-workdays. This was not true for spouses. These results may be related to a days-off carry-over effect of caffeine or a general consumption behaviour characteristic.     

Study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vertical vibration

The influence of whole-body vertical vibration on the dynamic human–seat interface pressure is investigated using a flexible grid of pressure sensors. The ischium pressure and the overall pressure distribution at the human–seat interface are evaluated as functions of the magnitude and frequency of vibration excitation, and seated posture and height. The dynamic pressure at the seat surface is measured under sinusoidal vertical vibration of different magnitudes in the 1–10 Hz frequency range. Two methods based on ischium pressure and ischium force are proposed to study the influence of seat height, posture and characteristics of vibration. The results of the study reveal that the amplitude of dynamic pressure component increases with an increase in the excitation amplitude in almost entire frequency range considered in this study. The dynamic components of both the ischium pressure and the ischium force reveal peaks in the 4 to 5 Hz frequency band, the range of primary resonant frequency of the seated human body in the vertical mode. The mean values of the dynamic ischium pressure and the ischium force remain constant, irrespective of the excitation frequency and amplitude. The magnitudes of mean pressure and force at the human–seat interface, however, are dependent upon the seat height and the subject's posture. The inter-subject variability of the static ischium pressure and effective contact area are presented as functions of the subject weight and subject weight-to-height ratio. It was found that heavy subjects tend to induce low ischium pressure as a result of increased effective contact area.

Relevance to industry

Pressure distribution at the human–seat interface has been found to be an important factor affecting the seating comfort and work efficiency of various workers. The study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vibration is specifically critical to the comfort, work efficiency and health of vehicle drivers, who are regularly exposed to vibration. The results reported in this paper will be useful to study dynamic response of the interface pressure and design vehicle seats.     

Linux下的设备驱动及其管理机制

文章分析了Linux系统下设备驱动程序的工作原理，介绍了驱动程序的实现方法，同时将Linux对字符设备、块设备和网络设备的管理机制做了详细的分析对比。     

关于实时设备驱动程序自动生成的研究

软件系统的自动生成是９０年代软件工程的主流．由于专用实时设备的高效管理与灵活加接是任何计算机专用实时系统不可或缺的基本功能，加之它们的类别和型号、数量和质量的与日俱增，如何克服专用外设驱动模块的易变性成为任何专用实时系统自动生成的关键．本文介绍作者在专用实时设备驱动程序自动化研究中的初步成果，重点是他们自行研制的专用实时设备驱动程序半自动生成器ＲＴＤＧ（ｒｅａｌｔｉｍｅｄｅｖｉｃｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒ）的内部构造与实现技术，以及一个经过实践考验的应用实例．此项实时系统自动生成研究过程中的阶段性成果已通过部委     

FPSFI:一种基于LLVM架构的驱动错误隔离机制

内核安全维系着应用程序的正常运行,而内核错误却仍被周期性地发现,且多数错误是由模块加载机制将存在问题的设备驱动引入内核所致.基于UVM编译器基础架构,提出FPSFI驱动错误运行时隔离机制,使驱动错误隔离机制分解为涉敏函数注册、驱动错误定位与检测函数的插装等三个模块,有效地阻止了由内核API完整性缺失所导致的权限非法提升以及内存空间被多次释放等常见驱动错误.相比于之前的方法,FPSFI将错误分析与定位实现在编译器后端,减少了人工添加检测代码的工作量,而检测函数的单独实现与编译,使得隔离机制对内核接口的依赖程度有所降低.基于Linux平台的测试结果表明,FPSFI能够有效阻止两类典型的驱动错误;FPSFI对后端编译器改动所造成的时间开销比为18.7％;对网络模块的压力测试结果显示,FPSFI不会显著影响CPU利用率以及TCP吞吐量,UDP吞吐量下降17％.     

Natural and human forcing in recent geomorphic change; case studies in the Rio de la Plata basin

An analysis of geomorphic system's response to change in human and natural drivers in some areas within the Río de la Plata basin is presented. The aim is to determine whether an acceleration of geomorphic processes has taken place in recent years and, if so, to what extent it is due to natural (climate) or human (land-use) drivers. Study areas of different size, socio-economic and geomorphic conditions have been selected: the Río de la Plata estuary and three sub-basins within its watershed. Sediment cores were extracted and dated (²¹⁰Pb) to determine sedimentation rates since the end of the 19th century. Rates were compared with time series on rainfall as well as human drivers such as population, GDP, livestock load, crop area, energy consumption or cement consumption, all of them related to human capacity to disturb land surface. Data on river discharge were also gathered. Results obtained indicate that sedimentation rates during the last century have remained essentially constant in a remote Andean basin, whereas they show important increases in the other two, particularly one located by the São Paulo metropolitan area. Rates in the estuary are somewhere in between. It appears that there is an intensification of denudation/sedimentation processes within the basin.Rainfall remained stable or varied very slightly during the period analysed and does not seem to explain increases of sedimentation rates observed. Human drivers, particularly those more directly related to capacity to disturb land surface (GDP, energy or cement consumption) show variations that suggest human forcing is a more likely explanation for the observed change in geomorphic processes. It appears that a marked increase in denudation, of a “technological” nature, is taking place in this basin and leading to an acceleration of sediment supply. This is coherent with similar increases observed in other regions.     

Behavioral adaptation of young and older drivers to an intersection crossing advisory system

An advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) provided information about the right of way regulation and safety to cross an upcoming intersection. Effects were studied in a longer-term study involving 18 healthy older drivers between the ages of 65 and 82 years and 18 healthy young drivers between the ages of 20 and 25 years. Participants repeatedly drove 25 km city routes in eight sessions on separate days over a period of two months in a driving simulator. In each age group, participants were randomly assigned to the control (no ADAS) and treatment (ADAS) group. The control group completed the whole experiment without the ADAS. The treatment group drove two sessions without (sessions 1 and 7) and six times with ADAS. Results indicate effects of ADAS on driving safety for young and older drivers, as intersection time and percentage of stops decreased, speed and critical intersection crossings increased, the number of crashes was lower for treatment groups than for control groups. The implications of results are discussed in terms of behavioral adaptation and safety.