Charge transport and recombination in heterostructure organic light emitting transistors

Light-emitting field effect transistors (LEFETs) are a class of organic optoelectronic device capable of simultaneously delivering the electrical switching characteristics of a transistor and the light emission of a diode. We report on the temperature dependence of the charge transport and emissive properties in a model organic heterostructure LEFET system from 300 K to 135 K. We study parameters such as carrier mobility, brightness, and external quantum efficiency (EQE), and observe clear thermally activated behaviour for transport and injection. Overall, the EQE increases with decreasing temperature and conversely the brightness decreases. These contrary effects can be explained by a higher recombination efficiency occurring at lower temperatures, and this insight delivers new knowledge concerning the optimisation of both the transport and emissive properties in LEFETs.     

中小软件项目中基于敏捷过程域控制的QA外包探索

软件的质量管理是控制软件品质乃至项目品质的重要手段,但企业在建设中小型软件项目时,极易受到条件的制约而无法控制项目的质量.将质量保证(QA)外包给第三方评估机构,通过实施SSTL设计搭建的轻载质量管理框架SQAF,约束质量管理过程中关键过程域,既能保证中小型软件项目运行的过程受控,又能避免重载质量体系对项目的繁琐制约.     

Extracting Light from Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Stamped Bragg Gratings

In this paper, we describe a method for increasing the external efficiency of polymer light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by coupling out waveguided light with Bragg gratings. We numerically model the waveguide modes in a typical LED structure and demonstrate how optimizing layer thicknesses and reducing waveguide absorption can enhance the grating outcoupling. The gratings were created by a soft‐lithography technique that minimizes changes to the conventional LED structure. Using one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional gratings, we were able to increase the forward‐directed emission by 47 % and 70 %, respectively, and the external quantum efficiency by 15 % and 25 %.     

Efficiency droop behavior of GaN-based light emitting diodes under reverse-current and high-temperature stress

The efficiency droop behavior of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) is studied when the LEDs are under reverse-current and high-temperature stress tests respectively. It is found that reverse-current stress mainly induces additional non-radiative recombination centers within the active region of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells, which degrade the overall efficiency of the GaN LED under test but push the peak-efficiency-current towards higher magnitude. The up-shift of peak-efficiency-current can be explained by a rate-equation model in which the newly-created defects by reverse-current stress enlarge the dominant low-current region of non-radiative recombinations. Comparatively, high-temperature stress mainly increases the series resistance of the LED under test. Although the overall efficiency of the GaN LED also drops, there is no shift of peak-efficiency-current induced by the high-temperature stress.     

面向VR应用的花卉植物物理渲染技术研究与实现

花卉植物高真实感的仿真交互是目前虚拟植物可视化研究的一个重要方向。随着虚拟现实技术的普及,越来越多的应用采用了VR头戴设备的呈现方式。VR系统需要高度真实的沉浸感画面,通用的植物建模和图形引擎渲染功能已不能满足该需求。该文通过分析光照原理并融合基于物理的渲染技术,提出基于双向散射分布函数BSDF的花卉植物高度真实感的物理渲染算法,利用ShaderLab,对几种盆栽花卉植物在光照下进行仿真,并对融合算法做优化处理。针对VR头盔设备HTC Vive的成像效果,对图像进行扭曲变形优化,使画面更符合人眼双目立体视觉成像效果,增强系统沉浸感。最后基于该方法设计并实现了一个头盔式VR花卉植物仿真模拟系统,获得了逼真的场景漫游体验效果。     

Improved performance of deep-blue polymer light-emitting diodes by one-step coating self-assembly hole injection/transport nanocomposites with both the optical and electrical optimization

In this study we demonstrate an easy solution-processed highly efficient deep-blue polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) via a simple one-step coating of self-assembly hole injection/transport nanocomposites to achieve both a finer hole ohmic contact and an increased light outcoupling, which is the first time report about both the optical and electrical optimization without necessitating changes in the design or structure of the wide bandgap deep-blue PLEDs themselves. The contact angle and surface energy measurement results demonstrate that triazine-based hole injection molecules can vertically migrate towards the bottom PEDOT:PSS layer to obtain a stable minimum of free energy, resulting in an optimal top-to-bottom HOMO energy level arrangement and an improved hole mobility in deep-blue PLEDs. The random surface nanostructure was formed on top of the hole bilayer, leading to the enhancement of light outcoupling verified by transmittance, transmittance haze and light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, in order to explore the reasons of the hole light scattering formation process, a transient drying monitoring technique is applied to track the drying process of the nanostructure films, revealing this approach effectiveness by easily modifying mixing ratios for obtaining different light outcoupling abilities.     

Enhancing extracted electroluminescence from light-emitting electrochemical cells by employing high-refractive-index substrates

Solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) show several advantages over conventional organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) such as simple device structure compatible with solution processes, low operation voltage and capability of utilizing inert cathode metals. However, device performance of LECs must be improved, e.g. enhancing light extraction, to meet the requirements for practical applications. Among the optical modes trapped in LECs, light trapped in substrate mode is easier to be extracted, e.g., by simply roughing the output surface. Therefore, increasing the percentage of substrate mode is beneficial in improving light extraction. In this work, the contributions of optical modes in LECs employing substrates with various refractive indices are analyzed. Higher-refractive-index substrates are shown to trap more light in the substrates. Smaller refractive index difference between higher-refractive-index substrate and indium tin oxide (ITO) layer also increases the cutoff spectral range of light waveguided in ITO layer. Furthermore, light intensity in surface plasmon mode significantly reduces as the refractive index of the substrate increases. Reducing the percentage of surface plasmon mode facilitates light extraction since it requires more complicated methods for outcoupling light in this mode. With commercially available unpolished sapphire substrates, light output of LECs is enhanced by 56%. When a scattering layer was inserted between ITO and sapphire substrate, more light in substrate mode can be extracted and 71% enhancement in light output is realized. High external quantum efficiency up to 5.5% is consequently obtained in LECs based on a ruthenium complex. Such device efficiency is among the highest reported values for red-emitting LECs and thus confirms that utilizing higher-refractive-index substrates would offer a simple and feasible approach to improve light output of LECs. In comparison to OLEDs, increased EL trapped in substrates of LECs mainly comes from surface plasmon mode rather than waveguide mode.     

基于频域均衡的Tb/s级相干光单载波系统

对相干光单载波频域均衡系统(CO-SCFDE)、相干光单载波频分复用系统(CO-SCFDM)以及相干光正交频分复用系统(CO-OFDM)的理论和实验进行了对比研究,结果表明基于频域均衡的相干光单载波系统既保留了正交频分复用方式计算复杂度较低、频谱效率高和抗色散性能好的优点,又有效地减小了光纤非线性带来的传输损伤,是高速长距离光纤传输的一种有潜力的技术方案。     

高功率半导体激光器端面泵浦Nd:YVO_4固体激光器热致损耗的研究

本文提出了一种测量端面泵浦固体激光器热致损耗的方法．研究了Ｎｄ（３＋）浓度分别为０．５％和２％两种Ｎｄ：ＹＶＯ４晶体,基模半径与泵浦光斑半径之比Ｗ１／Ｗｐ分别为０．５和１情形下热致损耗随泵浦功率的变化,结果表明：热致损耗随泵浦功率的增加而增大,且强烈依赖于Ｗ１／ＷＰ;大的基模半径会导致严重的热致损耗．Ｎｄ：ＹＶＯ４晶体的Ｎｄ３＋浓度对热致损耗也有很大影响,在大模半径情形,高浓度晶体的热致损耗远大于低浓度晶体,而且对于Ｗ１／Ｗｐ的依赖更为强烈．     

Organic Nanoparticles: Preparation,Self‐Assembly,and Properties

The strong tendency of organic nanoparticles to rapidly self‐assemble into highly aligned superlattices at room temperature when solution‐cast from dispersions or spray‐coated directly onto various substrates is described. The nanoparticle dispersions are stable for years. The novel precipitation process used is believed to result in molecular distances and alignments in the nanoparticles that are not normally possible. Functional organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs)—which have the same host–dopant emissive‐material composition—with process‐tunable electroluminescence have been built with these nanoparticles, indicating the presence of novel nanostructures. For example, only changing the conditions of the precipitation process changes the OLED emission from green light to yellow.