稠油微生物开采技术现状及进展

综述了用微生物方法开采稠油的技术现状与进展，论题如下。①概述。②基本方法：异源微生物采油，包括微生物吞吐和微生物驱；本源微生物采油压大港孔店油田的实例。③主要机理，包括产表面活性剂，降解稠油中重质组分及其他。④技术研究，包括机理性、可行性及经济效益研究，列举了国内外6个实例。⑤现场应用，包括国外1个、国内6个实例。⑥该技术的优势及问题。参22。     

Optimum step length selection rule in modified HL–RF method for structural reliability

This paper presents the implementation concepts of a step length selection rule in a modified Hasofer-Lind and Rackwitz-Fiessler (HL–RF) method in order to improve its performance. Several step length selection rules in the context of structural reliability were studied and implemented in order to make the modified HL–RF method more robust and efficient. It has been demonstrated that a variant of Goldstein's rule, which is popularly known as the Armijo rule, is one of the most efficient step length selection rules. It is observed in this study that a proper step length selection rule will not only make the algorithm more robust but also improves the other parameters such as efficiency, capacity, etc. An iterative procedure, which enables systematic implementation into a computer program has been given. Several case studies have been taken from the literature to demonstrate and validate the proposed algorithm. A general-purpose software has been developed to solve a variety of structural reliability problems including those, which are complex and non-linear. In addition, non-normal distributions, such as lognormal, extreme value distributions, etc., are incorporated in this software.     

Male european corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), antennal responses to analogs of its sex pheromone

Experiments were conducted to (1) determine whether the electroantennogram (EAG) can detect differences among the responses of antennae from males derived from the three strains ofOstrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and (2) characterize the EAG responses of each strain to isomeric forms of the natural pheromone, (E)- and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (TDA), and analogs possessing differences in the terminal alkyl group, cyclopropyl (CPA), ortert-butyl (TBA).EAG responses differed among the strains in two ways: (1) Antennae fromZZ males always produced an EAG to (Z)-TDA with an extended duration of response. This signature EAG response was found to be unique to the antennal response ofZZ males to (Z)-TDA, thus providing a relatively easy method of distinguishing liveZZ males fromEE orZE males. Correlated with this longer EAG response was a longer disadaptation time, i.e., the EAG response ofZZ antennae disadapted more slowly (ca. 10 min) than the response ofEE antennae. (2) Strain differences in the relative EAG amplitudes to isomers and analogs were observed at the stimulus amounts eliciting the peak EAG amplitude as follows: TDA CPA > TBA forZZ males and both isomers; TDA > CPA TBA and CPA TDA > TBA forEE males and theE andZ isomers, respectively; CPA > TBA TDA forZE males and both isomers. Dose—response relationships were seen for all compounds if amplitude (peak height) of the EAG was used as a measure of response. However, if width of the EAG at half the peak height (peak width) was used, then only theZZ antennal response to (Z)-TDA resulted in a meaningful dose-response relationship. For all strains, the EAG amplitudes elicited by theZ isomers of any of the tested compounds were greater than those elicited by the correspondingE isomers. Therefore, correlations between the relative EAG and upwind flight responses were observed in theZZ (r = 0.86) andZE (r = 0.80) strains but were not correlated in theEE strain (r = 0.18). Temporal studies showed that adaptation, not postexcision deterioration, was responsible for the observed decreases in the EAG amplitude after repetitive stimulation or after stimulation with amounts in a descending order. Disa-daptation required at least 20 min for a moderate dose (10 g for 1 sec). Developmental studies showed that antennae from 2-day-old adults had the greatest EAG response.     

含整圈周向裂纹厚壁圆筒在内压和轴力共同作用下的极限载荷-简化滑移线场解

采用简化的滑移线场理论,推导出了含整圈环向裂纹厚壁圆筒在内压和轴力共同作用下的理想弹塑性材料极限载荷表达式,并采用有限元方法进行了验证.结果表明,对于含内表面裂纹的圆筒,其极限载荷解可由基于简化滑移线场的极限载荷解与无裂纹圆筒极限载荷解共同确定.有限元验证结果显示,理论解与有限元结果非常一致,且偏于保守.对含外表面裂纹的圆筒,其基于简化滑移线场的极限载荷解只适用于非常深的裂纹.其它情况建议使用基于Mises准则的解.     

内压与弯矩联合作用下局部减薄弯管的塑性极限载荷

采用有限元分析法和试验测定法,对内压与弯矩联合作用下外拱局部减薄弯管的极限载荷进行了研究。有限元计算结果及试验结果表明,不同的局部减薄,弯管的极限弯矩随内压变化规律不同;当缺陷尺寸参数α／b〉0．313时,极限弯矩随着内压的增加先增加后减小;当α／b≤0．313时,极限弯矩随内压的增加而减小。通过拟合有限元计算结果,得到了内压与平面闭合弯矩联合作用下外拱局部减薄弯管的安全评定方法。     

ICRP1990年建议书关于辐射危险评估的新进展

本文介绍了ICRP1990年建议书附件C的主要内容,着重阐述危险的概念,描述辐射照射引起的各种潜在危险的量,一次和长期照射条件下不同年龄时危险的增量及文中用多属性方法来选择工作人员或公众个体的剂量限值。     

对提高我国酱油生产质量的探讨

本文主要在酱油原料处理方面介绍了一些新的技术,并在制曲,后期调配,防腐剂方面提出了一些探讨和建议。     

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter（d）, the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth（h） were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.     

奶牛生物（活菌）饲料的研究

以酒精糟、白酒糟、碎玉米、啤酒糟等为原料,添加尿素、（NH4）2SO4及营养液F,采用“液体种子培养,多菌种混合固态发酵技术”生产奶牛生物（活菌）饲料。饲料粗蛋白平均含量36．55％、提高率1635％;酵母菌、有效细菌总数及活菌率分别为：7．85×10^8个g、7．11×10^9个,g和82．2％;β-淀粉酶1356mg／（g．h）、纤维素酶168um／（g．h）、中性蛋白酶1088ug／（g．min）、碱性蛋白酶372ug/（g·min）、糖化酶110u／（g．h）;VA80IU／（100g）、VB：2．35mg／（100g）、VD2945IU／（100g）、VC1．1mg／（100g）、烟酸10．7mg／（100g）。     

Modeling, simulation and stabilizing H∞-control of an oscillating continuous crystallizer with fines dissolution

In this contribution, a detailed model for a continuous crystallizer with fines dissolution is derived. The main focus of this article is the identification of physical reasons responsible for oscillations occurring in these crystallization plants. In contrast to many other crystallization models used in literature for the investigation of such limit cycles, detailed kinetic expressions for crystal growth and attrition, as well as for the separation of fines in the annular zone, are incorporated. By dynamic simulations of the model and by comparison with measured data, an undesired dissolution of larger crystals can be identified as a possible reason for the appearance of sustained oscillations. Finally, a stabilizing feedback controller is designed using H_∞-theory. It is demonstrated in simulations that this controller enables stable operation of the crystallizer even at a high fines dissolution rate.